Feasibility of Using Convalescent Plasma Immunotherapy for MERS-CoV Infection, Saudi Arabia

Arabi, Yaseen M.; Hajeer, Ali H.; Luke, Thomas; Raviprakash, Kanakatte; Balkhy, Hanan H.; Johani, Sameera Al; Al‐Dawood, Abdulaziz; Al-Qahtani, Saad; Al‐Omari, Awad; Al-Hameed, Fahad; Hayden, Frederick G.; Fowler, Robert; Bouchama, Abderrezak; Shindo, Nahoko; Al-Khairy, Khalid S.; Carson, Gail; Taha, Yusri; Sadat, Musharaf; Al-Ahmadi, M

doi:10.3201/eid2209.151164

Cited by 222 publications

(243 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, in a longitudinal study of MERS survivors in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, only two out of nine survivors remained positive for MERSspecific antibodies when tested 18 months after illness onset (Alshukairi et al, 2016). Furthermore, Arabi and colleagues (Arabi et al, 2016) reported that only 4 (36.7%) of 11 healthcare workers who had a history of laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV infection had detectable MERS-CoV-antibody levels by ELISA a median of 381 days after infection. These data indicate that MERS-CoV-antibody levels decline more rapidly, compared to SARS-CoV survivors.…”

Section: Current Knowledge Of Adaptive Immune Responses To Mers-covmentioning

confidence: 99%

T-cell immunity of SARS-CoV: Implications for vaccine development against MERS-CoV

et al. 2017

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Over 12 years have elapsed since severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) triggered the first global alert for coronavirus infections. Virus transmission in humans was quickly halted by public health measures and human infections of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) have not been observed since. However, other coronaviruses still pose a continuous threat to human health, as exemplified by the recent emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in humans. The work on SARS-CoV widens our knowledge on the epidemiology, pathophysiology and immunology of coronaviruses and may shed light on MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV). It has been confirmed that T-cell immunity plays an important role in recovery from SARS-CoV infection. Herein, we summarize T-cell immunological studies of SARS-CoV and discuss the potential cross-reactivity of the SARS-CoV-specific immunity against MERS-CoV, which may provide useful recommendations for the development of broad-spectrum vaccines against coronavirus infections.

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Section: Current Knowledge Of Adaptive Immune Responses To Mers-covmentioning

confidence: 99%

T-cell immunity of SARS-CoV: Implications for vaccine development against MERS-CoV

et al. 2017

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“…Thus, the pool of healthy subjects with sufficient neutralizing antibody titer in convalescent plasma might be very limited. Finally, the hyperimmune plasma used in this study had a high neutralizing antibody titer of 3840, whereas at best human convalescent plasma has neutralizing antibody titers of 320e800 (Park et al, 2015;Arabi et al, 2016) (these studies use different methods to measure neutralizing antibodies). It is unclear whether convalescent plasma with lower neutralizing titers would have a similar effect on disease progression, as lower neutralizing antibody titers in the circulation will likely be reached.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…A recent study suggests that the availability of donors with sufficiently high MERS-CoV antibody titers might be limited; only 12 out of 443 tested sera obtained from patients, healthcare workers and household contacts were positive on ELISA (Arabi et al, 2016). Furthermore, it has been suggested that severity of disease is linked to serological response; in patients who developed severe disease upon infection with MERS-CoV higher neutralizing antibody levels were detected, whereas in patients with mild or subclinical disease lower and potentially short-lived neutralizing antibody levels were detected (Drosten et al, 2014;Park et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of antibody-based therapies against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in common marmosets

et al. 2017

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Cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) continue to be identified and with a lack of effective clinical treatment and no preventative strategies, treatment using convalescent plasma or monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is a potential quick route to an intervention. Passive immunotherapy via either convalescent plasma or mAbs has proven to be effective for other infectious agents. Following infection with MERS-CoV, common marmosets were treated with high titer hyperimmune plasma or the mAb m336, at 6 and 48 h post inoculation. Both treatments reduced signs of clinical disease, but reduction in viral loads in the respiratory tract were only found in the hyperimmune plasma group. A decrease in gross pathology was found only in the mAb-treated group, but no histological differences were observed between treated and control animals. While both hyperimmune plasma and the m336 treatments reduced the severity of disease in the common marmoset, neither treatment resulted in full protection against disease.

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“…The three most frequent symptoms are: fever (77% [IQR: 59-82]), cough (90% [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69]), and dyspnea (68% ).…”

Section: Clinical Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The efficacy and safety of plasma from convalescent patients have not been assessed. Three separate reports concluded that such therapeutic approaches were inappropriate [63]. One trial is listed on www.clinicaltrials.gov.…”

Section: Convalescent Plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Focus on Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)

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et al. 2020

Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses

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a b s t r a c tSince the first case of human infection by the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Saudi Arabia in June 2012, more than 2260 cases of confirmed MERS-CoV infection and 803 related deaths have been reported since the 16th of October 2018. The vast majority of these cases (71%) were reported in Saudi Arabia but the epidemic has now spread to 27 countries and has not ceased 6 years later, unlike SARS-CoV that disappeared a little less than 2 years after emerging. Due to the high fatality rate observed in MERS-CoV infected patients (36%), much effort has been put into understanding the origin and pathophysiology of this novel coronavirus to prevent it from becoming endemic in humans. This review focuses in particular on the origin, epidemiology and clinical manifestations of MERS-CoV, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of infected patients. The experience gained over recent years on how to manage the different risks related to this kind of epidemic will be key to being prepared for future outbreaks of communicable disease. Mots clés : Maladies émergentes MERS-CoV Coronavirus Pneumonie r é s u m é Depuis le premier cas d'infection liée au Middle East Respiratory Syndrome -Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), détecté en Arabie Saoudite en juin 2012, le MERS-CoV a donné lieu, au 16 octobre 2018, à plus de 2260 cas d'infections confirmées et à 803 décès. La grande majorité des cas (71 %) ont été déclarés en ArabieSaoudite mais l'épidémie a depuis touché 27 pays et n'est toujours pas enrayée 6 ans après son émergence, contrairement au SRAS-CoV qui a disparu un peu moins de deux ans après sa première détection. En raison du taux important de décès observé parmi les patients infectés par le MERS-CoV (36 %), beaucoup d'efforts ont été déployés pour comprendre l'origine et la physiopathologie de ce nouveau coronavirus ainsi que pour lutter contre une éventuelle installation endémique de ce virus au sein de la population humaine. Cette revue s'attache plus particulièrement à retracer l'origine et l'épidémiologie du MERS-CoV à décrire la clinique observée chez les patients ainsi que la prise en charge diagnostique et thérapeutique des patients infectés. L'expérience acquise au cours des dernières années dans la gestion des différents risques liés à ce type d'épidémie est importante pour pouvoir faire face à la prochaine émergence d'infection transmissible.

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Feasibility of Using Convalescent Plasma Immunotherapy for MERS-CoV Infection, Saudi Arabia

Abstract: Efficacy testing will be challenging because of the small pool of donors with sufficiently high antibody titers.

Cited by 222 publications

References 25 publications

T-cell immunity of SARS-CoV: Implications for vaccine development against MERS-CoV

T-cell immunity of SARS-CoV: Implications for vaccine development against MERS-CoV

Efficacy of antibody-based therapies against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in common marmosets

Focus on Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)

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