Feasibility of wastewater as mixing water in cement

Babu, G. Raveendra; Ramana, N. Venkata

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.253

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Regarding the flexural strength, all the previous studies claimed that wastewater reduced the flexural strength of the concrete 61,62,66,68,70,71 . Slight reductions were reported in the study of Babu et al (2018) in using NECWW, PKTWW, MKWW, and ARWW.…”

Section: The Effect Of Domestic and Industrial Wastewater On Concrete...mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…64 WW (0.5 + 0.95% SP +10% MSWIBA), 65 Combining treated wastewater with Chermite 520 BA (superplasticizer), 66 TWW (0.35 + 1% CaCl 2 ), 66 PFWW (0.35 + 2% CaCl 2 ), 66 NATWW (0.4) cured in TTW, 72 TWW (0.5). 69 , [58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71] Increasing COD content, 59 combining treated wastewater with calcium chloride (accelerator), recycled aggregate, recycled plastic, MSWIBA, calcium nitrite. [66][67][68][69][70][71] 50% TIWW+ 50% FW (Zeolite 10%), 64 50% TIWW+ 50% FW (Zeolite 30%), 64 TIWW (Zeolite 0%).…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concrete production with domestic and industrial wastewaters—A literature review

Hassani

Matos

Zhang

et al. 2023

Structural Concrete

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With water scarcity posing an ever‐present worldwide crisis, treated wastewater usage as an alternative to fresh water could be a smart choice and contribute to a sustainable construction industry. Numerous studies have been conducted by using treated domestic or industrial wastewater in concrete production, providing a promising solution to the global water shortage and wastewater management. However, the effectiveness of wastewater on the concrete manufacturing in comparison to pure freshwater has been a concern due to its impurities and contaminants. The results derived from previously published studies on concrete manufacturing with wastewater vary as a consequence of considerate different additives, curing age, treatment method, or wastewater quality. This review compiles and compares the previous investigations on physical and mechanical properties, durability characteristics, and morphological assessments of manufactured concrete with treated wastewater, and discusses the reasons for similarities and differences. Research findings and conclusions from the literature are summarized, and future research directions based on the research gaps are also recommended.

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Section: The Effect Of Domestic and Industrial Wastewater On Concrete...mentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concrete production with domestic and industrial wastewaters—A literature review

Hassani

Matos

Zhang

et al. 2023

Structural Concrete

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Based on the results of the 12 studies considered in this investigation [6,9,[17][18][19][20]23,24,29,36,39,41], an increment in the initial and final setting time can be seen in all studies. Figure 4 shows the average value of the setting time from the selected studies and an increment can be clearly seen.…”

Section: Setting Timesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of untreated WW on compressive strength was reported in 8 studies [10,16,18,21,24,26,29,30], as shown in Figure 6. In general, an approximate 0-20% decline in compressive strength was observed when potable water was replaced with untreated WW (non-potable).…”

Section: Effect Of Untreated Wwmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Performance of Concrete Containing Non-Potable Water

Ali

Brito

et al. 2021

Applied Sciences

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Construction industries consume huge amounts of potable water during activities such as washing of aggregates, stone crushing, manufacturing, and curing of concrete, mortars, grouts, and wetting of masonry bricks. It is also responsible for wastewater generated during the finishing and cleaning of buildings and construction equipment. Therefore, the water-footprint of construction industry cannot be ignored to reach the state-of-the art sustainability. This study reviewed the technical properties of construction materials made with non-potable water (NPW), i.e., domestic and industrial sewage. The study identified the positive and negative effects of non-potable water on the fresh- and hardened-state properties of concrete. This study also identified the gaps in the literature that can be analysed in order to produce reliable information related to the use of different types of NPW on the properties of concrete.

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“…When no gypsum was used (i.e., C, SW, and RO), the use of seawater and RO reject water mainly changed the type of Al 2 O 3 -Fe 2 O 3 -mono (AFm) [13] in comparison to the use of purified water. All samples without gypsum displayed monosulfate (Ca 4 Al 2 O 6 (SO 4 )•14H 2 O) and kuzelite (Ca 4 Al 2 (SO 4 )(OH) 12 •6H 2 O), which belong to the AFm phase, in XRD at all days. However, when a mixing water had a higher concentration of chloride, these reaction products were largely replaced with Friedel's salt (Ca 4 Al 2 Cl 2 (OH) 12 •4(H 2 O) 2 ), which is also a type of AFm phase, mainly due to the substitution of sulfur (S) with chloride (Cl) [34,35].…”

Section: Xrdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of Reverse Osmosis (RO) Reject Water as a Mixing Water of Calcium Sulfoaluminate (CSA) Cement for Brick Production

et al. 2019

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This study explored the possibility of using reverse osmosis (RO) reject water as a mixing water for producing cementitious bricks using calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement along with gypsum, and it investigated the changes in the properties of CSA cement pastes when RO reject water was used. The results were compared with those obtained using purified water and seawater. Overall, the use of RO reject water improved the cement paste’s strength. Given that the use of RO reject water very slightly affected ettringite formation but more significantly influenced the Al2O3-Fe2O3-mono (AFm) phases (i.e., monosulfate, kuzelite, and Friedel’s salt) and amorphous aluminum hydroxide (AH3), the strength improvement was likely mainly due to the formation of Friedel’s salt rather than ettringite formation. This study also demonstrated that the use of RO reject water for brick production satisfied the Korean Standards (KS) F 4004 and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP); thus, it is recommended to use RO reject water as a mixing water to produce CSA cement bricks for use in construction.

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Feasibility of wastewater as mixing water in cement

Cited by 23 publications

References 7 publications

Concrete production with domestic and industrial wastewaters—A literature review

Concrete production with domestic and industrial wastewaters—A literature review

A Review on the Performance of Concrete Containing Non-Potable Water

Recycling of Reverse Osmosis (RO) Reject Water as a Mixing Water of Calcium Sulfoaluminate (CSA) Cement for Brick Production

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