Feasibility Study of an Electrodialysis System for In-Home Water Desalination and Purification in Urban India

Nayar, Kishor G.; Sundararaman, Prithiviraj; Schacherl, Jeffrey D.; O'Connor, Catherine L.; Heath, Michael Lindsey; Gabriel, Mario Orozco; Wright, Natasha C.; Winter, Amos G.

doi:10.1115/detc2015-47613

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Consequently, these two adjacent channels are referred to as the 'concentrate' and 'diluate' channels. Depending on the type of AEMs and CEMs used, ED can be designed for several applications including city-scale brackish water desalination [17,21], village-scale water treatment [22], seawater brine concentration [14][15][16][17][18][19], denitrification of water for municipal water supply [21], demineralization of wine, whey and sugar [23], in-home water treatment [24][25][26] and wastewater treatment [17,27]. For salt production from seawater, AEMs and CEMs that are additionally selective to monovalent ions are used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost and energy requirements of hybrid RO and ED brine concentration systems for salt production

et al. 2019

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A new concept to concentrate seawater up to 200 g/kg for producing vacuum salt using a reverse osmosis (RO) system hybridized with an electrodialysis (ED) system is presented. The RO system operates up to pressures of 120 bar and concentrates seawater up to 120 g/kg with the ED system concentrating RO brine to 200 g/kg. A parametric analysis to minimize the specific cost of brine concentration was conducted. Parameters varied were: the degree of RO-ED hybridization, ED current density, electricity prices and water prices. Optimal hybrid RO-ED designs reduced brine concentration costs by 33-70 % over standalone ED systems, with revenue generated from water co-production further subsidizing costs by 1-6 %. Optimizing ED current density reduced costs the most. Including a crystallizer, the total reduction in production cost over a standalone ED-crystallizer system was 19-55 %, with the production cost for a typical case being $111/tonne-salt. The proposed RO-ED-crystallizer (REC) systems were found to be techno-economically feasible in Cyprus, Japan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and the USA. At a road transportation distance of 735 km, REC based seawater vacuum salt was competitive with conventional vacuum salt. REC systems may open up the potential of small-scale decentralized salt production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost and energy requirements of hybrid RO and ED brine concentration systems for salt production

et al. 2019

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“…Chung et al [14] had concluded that the potential for further efficiency improvements in MVC systems was limited. ED has been used for a wide range of applications: brackish water desalination [24,27,28], industrial water treatment [24,29], whey demineralization [30], in-home water treatment [31][32][33] and for the concentration of seawater for salt production [21-24, 26, 34]. Given the 50 years of industrial operational experience using ED for concentrating seawater [34], and given limited efficiency improvements possible in MVC [14], we focus the present paper on the potential ED has for cost reductions and efficiency improvements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost and energy needs of RO-ED-crystallizer systems for zero brine discharge seawater desalination

et al. 2019

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A zero brine discharge seawater desalination concept integrating reverse osmosis (RO), electrodialysis (ED) and crystallizer into a single system (REC) is presented. Analytical models were used to optimize parameters and minimize water production costs. Parameters varied were: the ratio of seawater to RO brine in the ED diluate channel, ED current density, ED diluate outlet salinity, electricity and salt prices, and RO recovery by adding high pressure RO (HPRO). Using only RO brine instead of only seawater in the ED diluate channel reduced water production costs by 87% from 27 to 3.5 $/m 3 while increasing salt production costs 26% from 135 to 170 $/tonne-salt. The former was best for brine minimization, and the latter for salt production.Optimizing ED current density reduced REC costs by another 14% to 3.0 $/m 3 while increasing specific energy consumption 26% to 12.7 kWh e /m 3 , corresponding to a Second Law efficiency of 18%. Adding an HPRO stage was uneconomical as it increased specific costs 21%. A salt price of 104.5 $/tonne-salt will justify the cost of adding an ED-crystallizer. REC systems may be economically feasible in parts of the Middle-East. Producing other products such as Mg(OH) 2 or Br 2 may further improve economics. , "Cost and energy needs of RO-ED crystallizer systems for zero brine discharge seawater desalination," Desalination, online

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“…CCRO systems have been commercially deployed over the last 10 years. EDR systems have been commercially deployed for brackish water desalination since the late 1970s [14] with variants designed for city-scale desalination [15,23], village-scale desalination [17,24,25], and even for in-home water treatment [26][27][28]. MS-EDR systems and its variants have been commercially deployed since the early 1960s for concentrating seawater to produce table salt in Japan [20,29].…”

Section: Desalination Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brackish water desalination for greenhouse agriculture: Comparing the costs of RO, CCRO, EDR, and monovalent-selective EDR

Nayar

Lienhard

2020

Desalination

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Greenhouses are a rapidly growing agricultural sector that uses desalination systems. However, the desalination requirements of the greenhouse industry and an economic evaluation of desalination technologies for greenhouses have not been reported previously. Several greenhouse operators in North America using desalination systems were interviewed to identify key design specifications. A detailed cost comparison was conducted for key technologies: reverse osmosis (RO), closed circuit RO (CCRO), electrodialysis reversal (EDR) and monovalent selective EDR (MS-EDR). Capital, energy and membrane replacement costs, savings in feedwater costs from operating at higher recovery, and potential savings in fertilizer from using MS-EDR, were calculated. For <10-hectare greenhouses, RO was the most cost-effective technology. For >10-hectare greenhouses, alternatives can be considered. MS-EDR is economically competitive if it can retain at least 20% of the calcium and magnesium needed for growing and if membranes last 7 years.

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Feasibility Study of an Electrodialysis System for In-Home Water Desalination and Purification in Urban India

Abstract: Desalination of high salinity water is an effective way of improving the aesthetic quality of drinking water and has been

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Cost and energy requirements of hybrid RO and ED brine concentration systems for salt production

Cost and energy requirements of hybrid RO and ED brine concentration systems for salt production

Cost and energy needs of RO-ED-crystallizer systems for zero brine discharge seawater desalination

Brackish water desalination for greenhouse agriculture: Comparing the costs of RO, CCRO, EDR, and monovalent-selective EDR

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