Feasibility Study of Biosensors Based on Polymelamine‐modified Screen‐printed Carbon Electrodes

Abstract

We herein report the use of melamine and a low‐cost screen‐printed carbon electrode (SPCE) as the base matrices for the preparation of an electrochemical biosensor. Following the electrochemical polymerization of melamine, the resulting polymelamine was deposited on the SPCE surface to give layers bearing –NH2 functional groups, which allowed the attachment of anti‐IgE (immunoglobulin E) antibodies. The resulting anti‐IgE‐labeled SPCEs were then incubated with IgE solutions of various concentrations prior to analysis by chronoamperometry using Ru(NH3)63+ as an electrochemical mediator. A logarithmic relationship was observed between the chronoamperometric current and the IgE concentration between 5.3 and 530 fM (i. e. over 2 orders of magnitude). In addition, a detection limit of 0.64 fM was achieved in addition to a recovery of 114 ± 14 % for a fetal bovine serum sample spiked with 16 fM IgE. Furthermore, only a small quantity of sample was required for analysis, and the IgE assay was suitable for use in a complex serum matrix without interference. We therefore expect that this novel system will be useful for monitoring the changes in blood IgE levels during the clinical treatment of allergic asthma and rhinitis.

Electropolymerized Melamine on Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide: Growth Mechanistics, Electrode Processing, and Amperometric Sensing of Acyclovir

“…Among them, electrochemical polymerization has merits feasible for industrial applications due to control over monomer composition, polymer thickness, doping sites, and tunable electron–hole pair generation . Owing to its nitrogen/amine-rich functional groups, PM has abundant π-electrons, making them a prime choice of interest for the construction of surface-modified electrodes toward active pharmaceutical ingredients’ detection. − Although pristine PM has direct electrochemical detection capabilities, efforts were also devoted to the composite formation with carbon nanostructures like graphene, graphene oxide (GO), , and reduced GO (rGO) − as reinforcement matrices, in which an rGO composite devising PM had better sensor performance due to its defect-rich basal/edge planes offering large active sites for analyte interaction …”

Direct Chemical Oxidative Polymerization of Polymelamine and its Copolymerization with Aniline for Hydrogel Supercapacitor Electrodes

“…Polymelamine (PME), as a new electroactive polymer, was previously synthesized by the electropolymerization reaction of melamine (MA) in aqueous solution, 5,22,23 and its abundant amine functional groups and rich nitrogen content were explored in its application as an electrochemical sensor for CO 2 , 24 ascorbic acid, 25 immunoglobulin E, 26 catechol, 27 tetracycline, 28 etc. However, a survey of literature shows that there is no report on its utilization in supercapacitor applications.…”