“…The fact that accidents could not be prevented at the targeted level on a global scale makes the effectiveness of the measures taken against accidents somewhat questionable (Chauvin et al, 2013;Schröder-Hinrichs et al, 2012;Uğurlu et al, 2020). In narrow waterways, traffic separation lines, pilotage services, and vessel traffic services are essential applications that ensure navigational safety (Praetorius and Hollnagel, 2014;Tian et al, 2020;van Westrenen and Praetorius, 2014). On the other hand, local traffic, strong currents, sharp turns, intense environmental lights, marine topography, the inadequacy of anchorage areas, and transit ship traffic are the main factors that threaten the safety of navigation on narrow waterways (Köse et al, 2003;Başar, 2010;Ugurlu et al, 2013).…”