Features of Atherosclerosis in the Tunica Adventitia of Coronary and Carotid Arteries in a Black Kenyan Population

Ogeng’o, Julius A; Ongeti, Kevin; Obimbo, Moses M.; Olabu, Beda; Mwachaka, Philip Maseghe

doi:10.1155/2014/456741

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Atherosclerotic changes in the aortic wall of hnHDL‐immunized rabbits are found both under the intima and in the media. A number of studies have shown that not only the intima but also the media and the adventitia can be involved in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions 18,19 . Therefore, the changes in the aortic wall observed in HDL‐immunized rabbits are similar to atherosclerotic changes in the human aortic wall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Аtherosclerosis‐like changes in the rabbit aortic wall induced by immunization with native high‐density lipoproteins

Fomina

Beduleva

Menshikov

et al. 2020

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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Introduction A high level of total cholesterol or low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is considered the main cause of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. For this reason, experimental atherosclerosis is induced by creating high blood cholesterol in animals. However, the hypothesis that atherosclerotic processes are mostly caused by immune (autoimmune) mechanisms has recently been gaining traction. At the same time, no experimental model has been developed that clearly demonstrates the autoimmune mechanism by which atherosclerosis develops and reproduces the full picture of atherosclerosis solely by means of an immune response, without resorting to additional interventions such as a high‐cholesterol diet or the use of genetic models of hyperlipidemia. Previously, we were able to induce atherosclerosis‐like lesions in the aorta and the development of pericardial fat in rats by immunizing them with human native lipoproteins. The purpose of this study was to test whether atherosclerosis can be induced in normocholesterolaemic rabbits by immunizing them with human native high‐density lipoproteins (hnHDL). Methods Rabbits were immunized with hnHDL. Aortic wall structure, plasma cholesterol level, and antibodies against HDL were studied. Results Immunization with hnHDL was found to cause atherosclerosis‐like lesions in the rabbit aorta such as adipocytic and chondrocytic metaplasia, proteoglycan deposits, leukocytic infiltration. Atherosclerosis‐like lesions developed in the aorta of hnHDL‐immunized rabbits against a background of normal blood LDL‐cholesterol level. Therefore, a high plasma cholesterol level is not the sole cause of atherosclerosis. The immune response against HDL is an independent cause of atherogenesis. Conclusions A rabbit model of atherosclerosis caused by immunization with hnHDL can be widely used to examine the mechanisms occurring during atherogenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…A number of studies have shown that not only the intima but also the media and the adventitia can be involved in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. 18,19 Therefore, the changes in the aortic wall F I G U R E 5 Plasma lipids in hnHDL-immunized rabbits. A, LDL-cholesterol levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Аtherosclerosis‐like changes in the rabbit aortic wall induced by immunization with native high‐density lipoproteins

Fomina

Beduleva

Menshikov

et al. 2020

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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“…Adventitial thickness on the other hand occurs in advanced atherosclerosis because of inflammation and increased vascularization by vasa vasora (THIM, HAGENSEN, BENTZON et al, 2008;OGENG'O, ONGETI, OBIMBO et al, 2014). The presence of these features in various combinations is a strong indication that atherosclerosis is an established problem in the black Kenyan population.…”

Section: Age Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data on the features of atherosclerosis in the common carotid arteries are important in enhancing understanding of this disease and hence its mitigation strategies. We recently demonstrated the existence of anatomical risk factors for common carotid atherosclerosis in a substantial proportion of Kenyans (OGENG'O, ONGETI, MALEK et al, 2013) features of atherosclerosis in the tunica adventitia of the CCA in nearly 10% of the population (OGENG'O, ONGETI, OBIMBO et al, 2014). Further, atherogenic changes in the common carotid artery are important predictors of atherosclerosis in other vascular beds (DARABIAN, HORMUZ, LATIF et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Features of atherosclerosis of common carotid arteries among black Kenyans

2017

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Introduction: Data on the features of atherosclerosis of common carotid artery are important for informing strategies against ischaemic stroke in Subsaharan Africa, but are scarce. Materials and Methods: This study therefore investigated, by light microscopy, the presence of features of atherosclerosis in the left common carotid artery among 108 black Kenyans [76 males; 32 females; Mean age 36.4, range 22-82 years] who suffered violent death. Specimens from the distal segment of the artery were prepared for routine paraffin embedding, and 5μ sections stained with Mason's Trichome. Results: At least one feature of atherosclerosis was observed in 22 (20.4%) cases. Intimal hyperplasia alone was present in all the 22 cases followed by Intimal hyperplasia and degeneration ofinternal elastic lamina 19 (17.6%); Intimal hyperplasia combined with disintegration ofinternal elastic lamina and medial degeneration 17 (15.7%). Thickening of tunica adventitia with neovascularization were present in 8 (7.4%) of cases. All the features were more frequent in males than females (1.4:1) and those over 40 years old. Eight of the cases (36.4%) were in individuals aged below 40 years. Conclusion: Multiple features of atherosclerosis in common carotid artery are present in over 20% of the asymptomatic black Kenyans studied. They occur more frequently in males, and affect individuals younger than 40 years. These features appear in all three layers of the vessel wall, suggesting that the disease has attained several stages of severity in this population. We recommend early screening for the disease in individuals at risk.

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“…Left anterior descending (LAD) artery is the most commonly afflicted of the coronary arteries. Recent studies reveal that features of atherosclerosis are present in this artery from an early age [8,9]. This study therefore aimed at correlating IMT in this artery with morphological features of left coronary artery (LCA) among black Kenyans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intima Â– Media Thickness of Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery in a Black Kenyan Population: Correlation with Morphological Features

Misiani¹

2015

Anat Physiol

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Background: Intima-Media thickness is an acknowledged surrogate marker for predicting and profiling of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It displays geographical and ethnic variation but is seldom reported among black populations of Africa. The left anterior descending coronary artery is one of the most frequently afflicted arteries by atherosclerosis. This study, therefore, aimed at correlating its intima-media thickness with morphological features of left coronary artery in a black Kenyan population. Materials and methods: Materials for this study were 126 hearts obtained during autopsy at the Department of Human Anatomy, University of Nairobi Kenya from black adult Kenyans [72 males, 54 females] who died of noncardiovascular causes. The left coronary artery was identified, its termination pattern recorded and its length and bifurcation angle measured. Specimens for light microscopy were taken from the proximal segment of the left anterior descending artery and processed for paraffin embedding and sectioning. Five micron sections were stained with Masson's trichrome and examined at magnification x35. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0. Student t-test was performed at 95% confidence interval where p ≤ 0.05 was taken to be statistically significant. They are presented in micrographs and tables. Results: The mean intima-media thickness was 0.332 mm. It was higher in males (0.357 ± 0.06 mm) than in females (0.25 ± 0.03 mm), increased with number of branches of left coronary artery, from 0.336 ± 0.014 mm in bifurcation to 0.506 ± 0.01 mm in pentafurcation; and was also higher in left coronary arteries that were shorter than 5 mm and those with bifurcation angles >800. Conclusion: The intima-media thickness of left anterior descending artery is influenced by length, bifurcation angle and terminal branching pattern of left coronary artery, and is higher in males than in females. This suggests that these morphological features of left coronary artery constitute anatomical risk factors for atherosclerosis. Individuals with these features should be screened for atherosclerosis, to inform early intervention.

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Features of Atherosclerosis in the Tunica Adventitia of Coronary and Carotid Arteries in a Black Kenyan Population

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Аtherosclerosis‐like changes in the rabbit aortic wall induced by immunization with native high‐density lipoproteins

Аtherosclerosis‐like changes in the rabbit aortic wall induced by immunization with native high‐density lipoproteins

Features of atherosclerosis of common carotid arteries among black Kenyans

Intima Â– Media Thickness of Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery in a Black Kenyan Population: Correlation with Morphological Features

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