This paper represents analysis of principles providing maximally reliable delay estimation of signal synchronization devices in telecommunication. Clock synchronization schemes on the base of stochastic models, graph-analytic interpretation, analytical functional description and their parameters selection in case of real complex hindrance are analyzed. Dependences between dispersion of maximally reliable estimation of synchronization devices and signal to noise ratio (SNR) are represented. Analytical expressions and dependences are obtained for deviation of synchronization error with respect to SNR at the output of discriminator. Diagrams of state are formed for assessment of digital synchronization device in case of error state. Calculated error of numerical solution of the equation of a stationary grid method. We obtain the schedule of the distribution of the probability density synchronization errors for different values of the normalized time. The functions performed by the symbolic synchronization circle, features of the construction of the timing error detector (TED) are analyzed. The Gardner, Early-Late, Mueller & Muller TED, their error and the S-curve equation are investigated. The dependence of the relative timing error on the SNR is obtained. The article examines the effects of interpolation and decimation conditions in the forming filters of digital communication systems.