Features of feed concentration and temperature effects on membranes operation in electrodialysis systems – a review

Electrodialysis (ED) has already been applied to recover nickel in galvanizing processes, allowing nickel recovery and the production of a treated effluent with demineralized water quality. However, the growth in ED use is still limited by the production and commercialization of ion-selective membranes, currently limited to a few large companies. Therefore, this paper presents the development of homogeneous cationic and anionic membranes made from poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) for ED use. Cationic membranes were prepared by the sulfonation reaction of PPO under different experimental conditions (PPO:H2SO4 molar ratio and reaction time). Anionic membranes were prepared by the bromination reaction of PPO, followed by the amination reaction. The membranes were characterized for their chemical and electrochemical properties, including ion exchange capacity, conductivity, thermal stability, and surface morphology. The optimal conditions for cationic membrane sulfonation were achieved with a 1:4.4 PPO:H2SO4 molar ratio, and a reaction time of 0.5 h. For anionic membranes, the best results were obtained with bromination, with a PPO:NBS (N-Bromosuccinimide) molar ratio of 1:0.5, followed by 14 days of amination. Overall, 91.8% chloride, 90.9% sulfate, and 85.5% nickel ion extraction was achieved, highlighting PPO as a promising polymer for the development of anionic and cationic ion-selective membranes for ED.

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Diffusion and Osmotic Permeability of Ion Exchange Membrane MK-40 Using Sodium Chloride Solution

Gubari¹,

Zwain²,

Alekseeva³

2021

JST

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Cation exchange membrane (MK-40) is a commercial membrane with a fixed group that is an important part of the electrodialysis (ED) process. Sodium chloride (NaCl) diffusion and osmotic permeability for MK-40 was studied. A cell containing two compartments was used to analyse the properties of the MK-40 membrane fixed between them. Furthermore, the influence of temperature, NaCl concentration, and operating time on MK-40 properties was investigated. The results showed that the highest diffusion permeability coefficient of NaCl was 7.37×10-9 (m2/s), and the maximum osmotic permeability coefficient of distilled water was 43.8×10-9 (m2/s) at NaCl solution concentration of 0.1 M and 50oC. Generally, the permeability was constant beyond 60 min of operational time. Additionally, the minimum diffusion permeability coefficients of the MK-40 membrane fell by about 22% over time when the concentration of NaCl solution was 1 M at 25oC. To conclude, membrane properties in the ED process depend on the two electrodes (a cathode and an anode), without the diffusion of salts particles. Meanwhile, the most important properties of cation exchange membranes (CEMs) used in electrodialysis are increased membrane efficiency when water and salts transport decrease through CEMs, which leads to a decrease in energy consumption. Thus, the MK-40 membrane showed a good properties due to its low diffusion permeability for concentrated NaCl solution at elevated temperatures and minimum reduction in diffusion permeability of concentrated NaCl solution over time.

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Features of feed concentration and temperature effects on membranes operation in electrodialysis systems – a review

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Environmental sustainability and ions removal through electrodialysis desalination: Operating conditions and process parameters

Environmental sustainability and ions removal through electrodialysis desalination: Operating conditions and process parameters

Cationic/Anionic Poly(p-Phenylene Oxide) Membranes: Preparation and Electrodialysis Performance for Nickel Recovery from Industrial Effluents

Diffusion and Osmotic Permeability of Ion Exchange Membrane MK-40 Using Sodium Chloride Solution

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