Features of Fractal Conformity and Bioconsolidation in the Early Myogenesis Gene Expression and Their Relationship to the Genetic Diversity of Chicken Breeds

Abstract

Elements of fractal analysis are widely used in scientific research, including several biological disciplines. In this study, we hypothesized that chicken breed biodiversity manifests not only at the phenotypic level, but also at the genetic-system level in terms of different profiles of fractal conformity and bioconsolidation in the early myogenesis gene expression. To demonstrate this effect, we developed two mathematical models that describe the fractal nature of the expression of seven key genes in the embryonic breast and thigh muscles in eight breeds of meat, dual purpose, egg and game types. In the first model, we produced breed-specific coefficients of gene expression conformity in each muscle type using the slopes of regression dependencies, as well as an integral myogenesis gene expression index (MGEI). Additionally, breed fractal dimensions and integral myogenesis gene expression fractal dimension index (MGEFDI) were determined. The second gene expression model was based on plotting fractal portraits and calculating indices of fractal bioconsolidation. The bioconsolidation index of myogenesis gene expression correlated with the chick growth rate and nitric oxide (NO) oxidation rate. The proposed fractal models were instrumental in interpreting the genetic diversity of chickens at the level of gene expression for early myogenesis, NO metabolism and the postnatal growth of chicks.

Vitamin E and A Availability in Goose Embryos and Goslings and Improvement of Reproduction Traits Depending on the Starting Temperature Regime of Egg Incubation

“…One of the technological methods of waterfowl egg incubation is to turn the eggs during incubation for an even distribution of temperature on the embryo [26,29]. Changes in the mRNA expression of regulatory genes of muscle development (e.g., [30,31]), such as myogenic factor 5 (MYF5), myogenic differentiation 1 (MYOD1), myogenin (MYOG), and myogenic factor 6 (MYF6, or MRF4), along with the activation of the genes for paired box 3 (PAX3) and paired box 7 (PAX7), explain the enhanced growth and development of limb muscles using a wider angle of rotation of the eggs during incubation. Herewith, the development of goslings and the secretion of hormones of the somatotropic and thyrotropic axes are also intensified [29,32].…”