Features of modern models of public administration

Abstract

The emergence of the latest nature of public administration is one of the main instruments for the approval of a public governance model, which implies the need to replace bureaucratic mechanisms with socially-oriented market relations.
 Level of scientific reflection there is an expansion of the range of applicability of existing concepts and the development of new, increasing hybridization of public administration systems.
 The purpose of the article is to identify features and generalized characteristics of the main models of public administration and to formulate proposals for the formation of the most optimal model of public administration in accordance with the stages of transformation of the domestic society.
 Old Public Management – the classic bureaucratic form of organization described by Max Weber as the ideal type of rational form of government based on the principle of law-making, with a high level of predictability for both policy in general and for citizens.
 New Public Management is a modern model of public administration reform. An important place within the framework of this model is the concept of Digital Government, Network model of government, Anti-crisis Public Administration, Open Government Partnership.
 It should be noted that in the "pure" form, these models of public administration are almost never found in any country in the world, although this or that set of elements of certain models is introduced into the practice of modern state regulation. In the majority of foreign countries there is currently a certain tendency towards convergence, a kind of diffusion of various approaches to public administration.
 From the elements of these concepts one can form the theoretical basis for the "ideal model" of public administration, which can then be used to study administrative reforms in different countries.
 The main essential features of the "ideal model" of a public administration model are to justify the following: implementation of the concept of "good" public administration as part of the Good Governance model, system simplification of legislation (as one of the elements and inherent tools of a "new" public management model), reduction the total number and narrowing of segments of the subject-object area of ​​public administration with the transfer of public functions and public authority by the public administration, ensuring subsidiarity in public-private services development, public-private partnership development, de-bureaucratization and de-concentration of public sector entities, activation of the interaction of public administration and other types of social management, realization and progressive development of the concept of "electronic state", significant increase of requirements for transparency and accountability of public administration, development tools of public administration, increase the variety of their modifications and complication of their combinations, implementation of the concept of management of results, increase ting susceptibility and complementarity against the public interest.

Comparative analysis of public management models

“…A simple definition for public administration would not be sufficient when considering the scope to include the activities of government that are directed towards the interest of the pub lic, and executed in a collective manner within a political con text [8,9]. However, in ascribing a definition for the term from a governmental context, a collectivist approach would have to be undertaken as the legal framework of public administration infers that its foundations are bound by instruments of law, and constitutes regulations, statutes and codes; the managerial context definition would be the executive nature in which the public's will is carried out and translated into action according to those persons in charge of public bureaucracy [10,11].…”

“…So in retrospect it is the way the discipline has conceptualised over time in respect to the public, the electorate, to the elected offi cials. Kuhn states that paradigms as a theory in the social sci ences field are termed as preparadigmatic sciences and it is the period in which a particular discipline lacks a common set of exemplary theories and practices and mainly consists of a col lection of ad hoc propositions [3,9]. In reference to paradigms in public administration, the three levels are outlined in Table . As a result, for the latter half of the previous century each paradigm has differentiated itself through the unique set of the ories, legal, political, and professional contexts developed.…”

“…For each paradigm in public administration, the relevance of a phenom enon is highlighted, a balance is established between the pros and cons in the changes planned for public bureaucracies, problems are identified as well as solutions which are appropri ate. In Table, paradigms in public administration can be applied according to the relevant levels of aggregation including the macrolevel (politics and administration), the mesolevel (the organisational parts of public administration), and the micro level (the bureaucrat), where at each level the dominant para digm will govern along with its accompanying theories [3,9]. This is done in order to critically examine and analyse tradi tional public administration, new public management and new public governance in order to understand, from an occupation al and an academic standpoint, how decisions in government are made and how functions and administration of government projects and programmes are carried out in order to support these decisions.…”

“…From an intrinsic view, the new public governance paradigm combines the strengths of public administration and new public management into a coherent conceptual framework that inte grates theory and research to support public administration prac tices [9,13]. Moreover, Osbourne and Runya, et al [2] contend and have evidenced that new public governance as a new para digm of public administration, not only facilitated a new research framework for theoretical study, but brought a new style of prac tices in public administration which incorporates the micro, macro and metalevel of elaboration that resulted in the devel opment of new public governance paradigm itself.…”