phenomenon of multiple refocusing [5]. Up to three peaks of on-axis luminescence intensity were observed when the authors of [6] focused a femtosecond laser pulse into an isotropic fused silica sample with a high-NA objective. Multiple irregular refocusing of tightly focused femtosecond laser pulse, with the distance between the refocusing maxima varying from 20 to 40 μm, was observed inside fused silica in [7]. The phenomenon was associated with the focal spot extension along the propagation axis due to the spherical aberration, induced by the air-sample interface. It was shown in [8] that filaments generated by pulsed Bessel beams form discrete equidistant damage spots in borosilicate glass. These discrete damage traces are attributed to the beating between the Bessel beam and the axial radiation. Regular focusing-refocusing events of similar nature were observed in [9] in barium fluoride crystal in the filaments, excited by axicon-formed femtosecond Bessel pulses.Several papers examined femtosecond filamentation in solid birefringent media, which are of great interest as structural materials for femtosecond lasers (see, e.g., [10][11][12][13][14][15]). A simplified case of the filament excitation only by ordinary or extraordinary ray was addressed in most of these studies.In this paper, we report on the observation of longitudinally periodic filamentation of femtosecond laser radiation in positive (n o < n e ; crystalline quartz) and negative (n o > n e ; sapphire) birefringent crystalline media in loose focusing conditions (NA = 0.02). We focus on little studied and unattainable in isotropic material peculiarities of the filamentation process, which are caused by spatial and temporal overlap of ordinary (o) and extraordinary (e) pulses inside the crystal. It is in this case the specificity of femtosecond filamentation in birefringent medium is shown in full.
AbstractWe report on the experimental observation of periodic modulation of the axial luminescence intensity along the femtosecond filament track in sapphire and crystal quartz. The physical reason for the modulation is a cyclic transformation of the polarization state of the light pulse traveling in birefringent medium, caused by the phase raid between the ordinary and extraordinary rays, and different cross sections of multiphoton absorption for linear and circular polarizations.