Features of Ultrasound Imaging in Fetal Intrauterine Growth Retardation

Abstract

Fetal growth retardation complicates an average of 10% of all pregnancies. Today, ultrasound examination is used in obstetrics for diagnosis. Therefore, early detection of this complication is the key to adequate treatment and reduction of perinatal consequences. A deeper understanding of the early accompanying ultrasound parameters will allow timely detection or prevention of intrauterine fetal development. The aim of the research was to conduct an ultrasound antenatal examination of women with intrauterine growth retardation. Ultrasound fetometry and placentometry were conducted in women with intrauterine growth retardation (the main group, n-41) and women in the comparison group with the physiological course of pregnancy (n-12). At the initial ultrasound examination, among women in the main group, fetuses below the 10th percentile were probably more common and had a decrease in biparietal head size and abdominal circumference (p = 0.001, p = 0.08). With repeated ultrasound examination, the frequency of detecting decreased indicators of biparietal head size, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femoral shaft length below the 10th percentile among women in the main group increases by 1.5 times, and significantly differs from the indicators of the comparison group. (p = 0.0002, p = 0.001). A decrease in the biophysical profile of the fetus to 6-7 points accompanies 63.4% of pregnancies with intrauterine growth retardation. The amniotic fluid index below the 5th percentile in relation to the gestational age in women at the initial examination was 2.4%, and at the second examination - 7.3%. The placental ultrasound marker of premature maturation by gestational age 21.4%, the presence of petrification in 58.5%. In case of timely detection of the fetometric and placentometric changes, it is possible, from the standpoint of modern obstetrics, to start etiopathogenetic therapy and prevention of this complication of pregnancy.

Ultrasound Pattern of Fetoplacental Complex in Assessment of Fetal Growth Restriction in Pregnant Women After Coronavirus Disease-2019

“…Ультразвукова діагностика дає розширену інформацію не тільки щодо стану легеневої тканини при вірусному враженні, але й постає абсолютно нешкідливою при діагностиці фетоплацентарного комплексу [4,5]. Звісно, 10% вагітностей є ускладненими затримкою росту плода, котру потрібно виявити якнайшвидше за допомогою методу ультразвукової діагностики, щоб розпочати терапію, яка попередить можливі наслідки [6]. У патогенезі цього стану лежить порушення інвазії інтерстиційних клітин екстраворсинчастого трофобласту в децидуалізований ендометрій в ендоваскулярних клітин у спіральні артерії матки з 10 тижня вагітності [7].…”