Fecal carriage and phylo-diversity of community-acquired <em>bla</em>_TEM Enteric bacilli in Southwest Nigeria

Abstract

PurposeIncreasing rates of clonal spread of fecal blaTEM bacilli remains a huge concern to the community health with resultant high morbidity. The fecal carriage and clonal diversity of blaTEM within the communities in Southwest Nigeria were surveyed.Materials and methodsEnteric bacilli obtained from fresh fecal samples randomly collected from community residents were biotyped and profiled for antibiotic susceptibility. Resistant strains were typed for beta-lactamase, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), AmpC and carbapenemase production while the R-plasmid carriage was detected and mating activities were examined. The presence of blaTEM gene was assayed by PCR and its phylodiversity determined with 16sRNA genomic profiling.ResultsEscherichia coli have the highest (28.6%) occurrence rate and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.5%) showing significant resistance to beta-lactamase inhibitors (ampicillin, cefuroxime and cefotaxime), and high-level multidrug resistance of more than 15.2% rate to ampicillin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, tetracycline and imipenem. E. coli and Klebsiella oxytoca, are the highest beta-lactamase, ESBL and AmpC producers encoded with high molecular weight R-plasmid (>11.0 kbp) and significant rate of conjugation and transformational activities. Only 2/14, 1/13 and 1/6 ESBL-type of E. coli, K. oxytoca and Enterobacter cloaca, expressed blaTEM gene, clustering into five different phylodiverse groups with close genomic relatedness with other bacilli.ConclusionThis is an indication of clonal dissemination of ESBL blaTEM encoded enteric bacilli having high phylodiverse characteristics through fecal carriage in the Nigerian community which requires public health education, food and environmental hygiene for its prevention.

Clonal diversity and spatial dissemination of multi-antibiotics resistant Staphylococcus aureus pathotypes in Southwest Nigeria

“…The ability to treat multi-antibiotic resistant staphylococci strain characterized with biofilm is a challenging situation [ 33 ] and detection of different phylo-related strains expressing high level resistance with potential to produce both biofilm and beta-lactamase enzymes put the populace at great risk [ 34 ]. Antibiotic resistance relatedness of several MSSA showing observable in-vitro biofilm production reflects acute systemic infection severity and pathology that could progress to high morbidity [ 35 , 36 ], making MSSA-biofilm producing strains in soft tissue and skin infections difficult to treat [ 37 ]. High biofilm production in deep layer secretions in cases of septic wound, tissue abscess and purulent pus exudates could reduce drug penetration, inflammatory response and impairment of cellular immune activity [ 38 ].…”

Characterization and Phylodiversity of Implicated Enteric Bacteria Strains in Retailed Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Fruits in Southwest Nigeria

“…Poor post-harvest storage conditions of food materials, poor food handling practices, and unhygienic cooking habits in common street canteens and restaurants are gradually increasing resistant foodborne pathogens as well as other extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing strains in food materials in many communities [21], [56]. Clonal relatedness of highly resistant enteric Klebsiella aerogenes and Citrobacter freundii from Nigerian tomatoes with human, food, and milk products from other countries further indicate high genetic mobility and transfer from animal milk products, human contamination probably from fecal that could drive genetic reassortment leading to spread of phylo-diverse pathotypes [20], [57], [58], [59].…”

Efflux pump activity, biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance profile of Klebsiella spp. isolated from clinical samples at Lagos University Teaching Hospital

“…Previous studies in Nigeria have also documented high and extensive resistance of Klebsiella spp. to β-lactam antibiotics [15][16][17][18]. Globally, resistance of Klebsiella spp.…”