Fecal microbiota transplantation in children: a brief review

Hourigan, Suchitra K.; Oliva-Hemker, Maria

doi:10.1038/pr.2016.48

Cited by 45 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Probiotic bacteria have been demonstrated to alter, reverse, or prevent various conditions in mouse models and humans. In addition, experiments with reconstitution of the gut microbial population with healthy consortia by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) are underway (Borody and Khoruts, 2012; Hourigan and Oliva-Hemker, 2016). Beneficial bacteria were found to reduce responses to stress and anxiety , depressive-like behavior, promote social behavior, decrease repetitive behavior, and improve cognitive function and communication in animals (Ait-Belgnaoui et al, 2012, 2014; Bercik et al, 2011b; Bravo et al, 2011; Buffington et al, 2016; Gareau et al, 2011; Hsiao et al, 2013; Sudo et al, 2004; Sun et al, 2016).…”

Section: Major Processes In Neurodevelopment Coincide With Changes Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Central Nervous System and the Gut Microbiome

Sharon

Sampson

Geschwind

et al. 2016

Cell

1,144

797

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Summary Neurodevelopment is a complex process governed by both intrinsic and extrinsic signals. While historically studied by researching the brain, inputs from the periphery impact many neurological conditions. Indeed, emerging data suggests communication between the gut and the brain in anxiety, depression, cognition and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The development of a healthy, functional brain depends on key pre- and post-natal events that integrate environmental cues, such as molecular signals from the gut. These cues largely originate from the microbiome, the consortium of symbiotic bacteria that reside within all animals. Research over the past few years reveals that the gut microbiome plays a role in basic neurogenerative processes such as the formation of the blood-brain-barrier, myelination, neurogenesis, and microglia maturation, and also modulates many aspects of animal behavior. Herein, we discuss the biological intersection of neurodevelopment and the microbiome, and explore the hypothesis that gut bacteria are integral contributors to development and function of the nervous system, and the balance between mental health and disease.

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Section: Major Processes In Neurodevelopment Coincide With Changes Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Central Nervous System and the Gut Microbiome

Sharon

Sampson

Geschwind

et al. 2016

Cell

1,144

797

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“…Increased susceptibility to infection is a known complication following SOT and the rate of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in SOT patients may be up to five times higher in comparison to other hospitalized patients (5). Antibiotics are a commonly reported risk factor for CDI due to depletion of protective bacteria, and reconstitution with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a promising therapeutic option that has been successfully applied to SOT patients and children (6, 7). Immunosuppression causing changes in the gut microbiome could potentially contribute to increased risk for CDI, influence the host response to CDI and FMT or increase the risk for developing complications post-SOT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Composition of the Gut Bacterial Microbiome after Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection in a Pediatric Heart Transplant Patient

Flannigan

Rajbar

Moffat

et al. 2017

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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The microbiome is increasingly recognized as an important influence on human health and many of the comorbidities that affect patients after solid organ transplantation (SOT) have been shown to involve changes in gut bacterial populations. Thus, microbiome changes in an individual patient may have important health implications after SOT but this area remains understudied. We describe changes in the composition of the fecal microbiome from a pediatric heart transplant recipient before and >2.5 years after he underwent repeated fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). With both documented episodes of CDI, there was marked loss of bacterial diversity with overgrowth of Proteobacteria (>98.9% of phyla identified) associated with symptomatic colitis that was corrected after FMT. We hypothesize that a second CDI occurring after FMT was related to incomplete restoration of normal bowel flora post-FMT with relative deficiencies of the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae. Following the second FMT, there was a gradual shift in gut bacterial composition coincident with the recipient developing lymphonodular hyperplasia of the colon and painless hematochezia that resolved with discontinuation of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). This case documents dynamic changes in the bacterial microbiome after FMT and suggests that MMF may influence the gut microbiome with consequences for the patient.

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“…Adapted from Hourigan et al[61], 2016. NG: Nasogastric; NJ: Nasojejunal; EGD: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy; FMT: Fecal microbial transplant.…”

Section: Fmt For the Treatment Of Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal microbial transplant for the treatment of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease

Wang¹,

Popov²,

Pai³

2016

WJG

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The role of fecal microbial transplant (FMT) in the treatment of pediatric gastrointestinal disease has become increasingly popular among pediatric practitioners, patients, and parents. The success of FMT for the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (RCDI) has bolstered interest in its potential application to other disease states, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). FMT has particular interest in pediatrics, given the concerns of patients and parents about rates of adverse events with existing therapeutic options, and the greater cumulative medication burden associated with childhood-onset disease. Published literature on the use of FMT in pediatrics is sparse. Only 45 pediatric patients treated for RCDI have been reported, and only 27 pediatric patients with pediatric IBD. The pediatric microbiome may uniquely respond to microbial-based therapies. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of fecal microbial transplant and its potential role in the treatment of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. We will discuss the microbiome in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease, existing adult and pediatric literature on the use of FMT in IBD treatment, and pediatric FMT trials that are currently recruiting patients. This review will also discuss features of the microbiome that may be associated with host response in fecal transplant, and potential challenges and opportunities for the future of FMT in pediatric IBD treatment.

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Fecal microbiota transplantation in children: a brief review

Cited by 45 publications

References 62 publications

The Central Nervous System and the Gut Microbiome

The Central Nervous System and the Gut Microbiome

Changes in Composition of the Gut Bacterial Microbiome after Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection in a Pediatric Heart Transplant Patient

Fecal microbial transplant for the treatment of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease

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