Fecal Prevalence ofEscherichia coliO157,Salmonella, Listeria,and Bacteriophage InfectingE. coliO157:H7 in Feedlot Cattle in the Southern Plains Region of the United States

Callaway, Todd R.; Edrington, Tom S.; Brabban, A.D.; Keen, James E.; Anderson, Robin C.; Rossman, Michelle L.; Engler, Mike J.; Genovese, K. J.; Gwartney, B. L.; Reagan, J. O.; Poole, Toni L.; Harvey, Roger B.; Kutter, Elizabeth; Nisbet, David J.

doi:10.1089/fpd.2006.3.234

Cited by 74 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The overall prevalences of phages from fecal samples of SS (8.3%) and LS (20.9%) were similar to the range (11.7 to 23.3%) reported previously (36). Phages may fluctuate in concert with populations of E. coli O157:H7 (23), and low populations of E. coli O157:H7 may have been due to the presence of O157-specific phages in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Differing Populations of Endemic Bacteriophages in Cattle Shedding High and Low Numbers of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Bacteria in Feces

Hallewell

Niu

Munns

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The objectives of this study were to identify endemic bacteriophages (phages) in the feedlot environment and determine relationships of these phages to Escherichia coli O157:H7 from cattle shedding high and low numbers of naturally occurring E. coli O157:H7. Angus crossbred steers were purchased from a southern Alberta (Canada) feedlot where cattle excreting >10 4 CFU · g ؊1 of E. coli O157:H7 in feces at a single time point were identified as supershedders (SS; n ‫؍‬ 6), and cattle excreting <10 4 CFU · g ؊1 of feces were identified as low shedders (LS; n ‫؍‬ 5). Fecal pats or fecal grabs were collected daily from individual cattle for 5 weeks. E. coli O157:H7 in feces was detected by immunomagnetic separation and enumerated by direct plating, and phages were isolated using short-and overnight-enrichment methods. The total prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 isolated from feces was 14.4% and did not differ between LS and SS (P ‫؍‬ 0.972). The total prevalence of phages was higher in the LS group (20.9%) than in the SS group (8.3%; P ‫؍‬ 0.01). Based on genome size estimated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and morphology determined by transmission electron microscopy, T4-and O1-like phages of Myoviridae and T1-like phage of Siphoviridae were isolated. Compared to T1-and O1-like phages, T4-like phages exhibited a broad host range and strong lytic capability when targeting E. coli O157:H7. Moreover, the T4-like phages were more frequently isolated from feces of LS than SS, suggesting that endemic phages may impact the shedding dynamics of E. coli O157:H7 in cattle.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Differing Populations of Endemic Bacteriophages in Cattle Shedding High and Low Numbers of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Bacteria in Feces

Hallewell

Niu

Munns

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Aliquots (450 l) of filtrate from pats and rectal fecal material, centrifuged slurry filtrate, or concentrated trough water were incubated for 1 h at 37°C with 50 l E. coli O157:H7 R508 in early log phase (optical density at 600 nm ϳ 0.2 to 0.3). The filtrate-bacterium mixtures (20 l) were then spotted in quadruplicate onto modified nutrient agar containing 8.5 g/liter NaCl, 1 mM CaCl 2, 1 mM FeCl 3 , and 4 mM MgSO 4 . The presence or absence of plaques was recorded after 18 to 24 h incubation at 37°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For enrichment, ϳ1 ml of filtrate or trough concentrate was added to a 5-ml early-log-phase (optical density at 600 nm ϳ 0.2 to 0.3) culture of E. coli O157:H7 R508 in tryptic soy broth with 10 mM MgSO 4 and further incubated at 37°C in a rotary shaker (150 rpm) for 18 to 20 h. A 1.8-ml subsample of the overnight culture was then centrifuged at 11,000 ϫ g for 10 min and filtered through a 0.22-m syringe filter. The filtrates were then tested by the soft-agar overlay plaque assay described by Sambrook and Russell (19), using E. coli O157:H7 R508 as the host.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacteriophage strains that infect E. coli O157:H7 have also been isolated from animal feces and have shown lytic activity against this bacterium in vivo and in vitro (5,23,28,31). In recent studies, such phages were shown to be widely distributed in cattle and in feces on the pen floor within feedlots (4,18). However, the relationships between the presence of E. coli O157:H7-infecting bacteriophage in cattle and their environment and the shedding of this bacterium by cattle are largely undefined.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Impact of Bacteriophages on the Presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Feedlot Cattle and Their Environment

Niu

McAllister

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The relationship between endemic bacteriophages infecting E. coli O157:H7 (referred to as "phage") and levels of shedding of E. coli O157:H7 by cattle was investigated in two commercial feedlots in southern Alberta, Canada. Between May and November 2007, 10 pens of cattle were monitored by collection of pooled fecal pats, water with sediment from troughs, manure slurry from the pen floor, and rectal fecal samples from individual animals (20 per pen) at two separate times. Bacteriophages infecting E. coli O157:H7 were detected more frequently (P < 0.001) after 18 to 20 h enrichment than by initial screening and were recovered in 239 of 855 samples (26.5% of 411 pooled fecal pats, 23.8% of 320 fecal grab samples, 21.8% of 87 water trough samples, and 94.6% of 37 pen floor slurry samples). Overall, prevalence of phage was highest (P < 0.001) in slurry. Recovery of phage from pooled fecal pats was highest (P < 0.05) in May. Overall recovery did not differ (P > 0.10) between fecal grab samples and pooled fecal pats. A higher prevalence of phage in fecal pats or water trough samples was associated (P < 0.01) with reduced prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in rectal fecal samples. There was a weak but significant negative correlation between isolation of phage and E. coli O157:H7 in fecal grab samples (r ‫؍‬ ؊0.11; P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that the prevalence of phage fluctuates in a manner similar to that described for E. coli O157:H7. Phage were more prevalent in manure slurry than other environmental sources. The likelihood of fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7 was reduced if cattle in the pen harbored phage.

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“…Diet can also influence the physiological condition of the gut and was reported to affect the colonization of E. coli O157:H7 and Listeria spp., which altered their shedding Buchko et al, 2000;Jacob et al, 2008a). Callaway et al (2006) reported that E. coli O157 (5-20% of samples) and Listeria spp. (0-10% of samples) were isolated in fecal samples from 4 feedlots within 45 min of morning feeding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of dietary forage and crude protein levels on the shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria in dairy cattle feces

et al. 2016

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A B S T R A C TThe shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes in the feces of ruminants and the consequential risk to the public and environmental health is well reported. However, the influence of dietary manipulation on the shedding of fecal bacteria is not well understood. This study was conducted to improve understanding of the relationship between dietary feed composition and shedding of E. coli O157:H7 and Listeria spp. in dairy feces. Twelve cows were randomly assigned to four treatment diets of two dietary forage levels: low forage (37.4% dry matter, DM) vs. high forage (53.3% of DM) and two dietary crude protein (CP) levels: low protein (15.2% of DM) vs. high protein (18.5% of DM) in a 4×4 replicated Latin square design with four periods each including a 14 d adaptation and 3 d sample collection periods. Generic E. coli was detected in some of the feed ingredients, such as cotton seed, alfalfa hay, almond, and CaCO 3 , while Listeria was detected in the alfalfa hay and mineral mix. A significant interaction effect was observed between dietary forage and CP on the presence of fecal E. coli O157:H7 (P=0.01) but not with Listeria. On average, the greatest E. coli O157:H7 level (6.6 log 10 CFU/g of feces) was observed from the high forage and high protein diet and the lowest level was 6.1 log 10 CFU/g from the low forage and high protein diet. The average Listeria shedding rate was within the range of 1.7-2.3 log 10 CFU/g among the dietary forage and CP treatments. For the CP treatments, significantly low levels of Listeria were observed from cows fed the high protein (0.9−1.6 log 10 CFU/g) compared to the low protein (1.3-2.1 log 10 CFU/g) diet. Considering temporal fluctuations, no significant diurnal pattern was observed for either E.coli O157:H7 or Listeria. In addition, no time of sampling over day by dietary forage or CP content interaction on fecal E.coli O157:H7 or Listeria level was observed. This study showed that diets can influence the shedding of potentially pathogenic bacteria in dairy cow excreta.

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Fecal Prevalence ofEscherichia coliO157,Salmonella, Listeria,and Bacteriophage InfectingE. coliO157:H7 in Feedlot Cattle in the Southern Plains Region of the United States

Cited by 74 publications

References 33 publications

Differing Populations of Endemic Bacteriophages in Cattle Shedding High and Low Numbers of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Bacteria in Feces

Differing Populations of Endemic Bacteriophages in Cattle Shedding High and Low Numbers of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Bacteria in Feces

Prevalence and Impact of Bacteriophages on the Presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Feedlot Cattle and Their Environment

Impacts of dietary forage and crude protein levels on the shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria in dairy cattle feces

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