Fecal Sample Collection Method for Wild Birds-Associated Microbiome Research: Perspectives for Wildlife Studies

Borrelli, Luca; Minichino, Adriano; Pace, Antonino; Dipineto, Ludovico; Fioretti, Alessandro

doi:10.3390/ani10081349

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The development of alternative respiratory tract sample collection methods in wildlife populations are needed in order to avoid such setbacks. The literature suggests the use of non-invasive and practical methods of fecal sample collection as substitute procedures when considering microbiome research, whereas oral and respiratory sampling methods are mainly performed in animals submitted to wildlife rehabilitation centres [12,[35][36][37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Documentation of Exophiala spp. Isolation in Psittaciformes

Marques

Cota

Leal

et al. 2022

Animals

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Several fungi species are reported to act as opportunistic agents of infection in avian species. After the isolation of Exophiala spp., a dematiaceous fungal pathogen associated with a mucosal lesion in a military macaw (Ara militar), samples were collected from another 24 birds of the order Psittaciformes to study the possibility of Exophiala spp. being part of the commensal microbiota of these animals or its possible association with other clinical conditions. Swab samples were collected from the trachea and/or choanae of the birds and inoculated in Sabouraud chloramphenicol agar for fungal isolation. After incubation, fungal species were identified through their macroscopic and microscopic morphology. The presence of Exophiala spp. was identified in 15 of the 25 birds sampled and no statistical association was found between the clinical record of the birds and the fungal isolation. Our results suggest that Exophiala spp. can colonize the upper respiratory airways of psittaciform birds and has a low pathogenic potential in these animals. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of Exophiala spp. isolation from samples of the upper respiratory tract of Psittaciformes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Documentation of Exophiala spp. Isolation in Psittaciformes

Marques

Cota

Leal

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…Subsequently, they were deposited at the Laboratório de Taxonomia de Fungos LATAF in Universidade Federal do Pampa campus São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. In the collection zones, the fresh scats on soil, leaves, and fence were collected and stored under refrigeration (BORRELLI et al 2020).…”

Section: Georeferencing Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cuts were rehydrated in 5% KOH and arranged on the slide, covered with a coverslip. The method for microbial analysis of the scats was adapted as follows: placed in a Falcon 50 ml tube a portion of 0.5 g of scats for 1 hour in a solution containing ethanol (70% concentrated) diluted with water and two drops of liquid detergent (BORRELLI et al, 2020). The liquid was removed to the 5 ml mark, and the rest was macerated with the help of a stick.…”

Section: Mushroom and Scats Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

The bird shiny cowbirds (Molothrus Bonariensis) in a relationship interesting of mycophagy with the mushroom Macrolepiota Bonaerensis in the brazilian pampa biome

Costa¹,

Lopes²,

Heberle³

et al. 2022

SMR

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Bird-fungi associations are ecologically important, and the species of these groups that occur in the Pampa biome region have different characteristics. The Shiny Cowbirds (Molothrus bonariensis – Icteridae) is a ground foraging bird that cohabits vegetation of grasslands. Some mushrooms of this biome have considerably large and edible basidiomes, such as species of genus Macrolepiota (Agaricaceae). Therefore, the objective of this study was to contribute to the first description of mycophagy for the Pampa biome, including the species Molothrus bonariensis and Macrolepiota bonariensis. Data were submitted to a test of variance ANOVA and Tukey test at a 5% significance level. For the quantitative multivariate data, the test of Kiviat was elaborated. The test of Schumacher and Eschmeyer was used to determine the degree of interaction of the birds with the mushrooms. 60 hours of observations were realized with a flock of bird containing approximately 76 individuals in the study area. 30 fresh scat samples and 10 mushrooms that showed pecks signals were collected from the area georeferenced. Microscopic analysis of scat of birds revealed basidiospores of mushroom. For the record of foraging events, the mycophagy of birds was higher in zones with more occurrence of mushrooms. The results assist in better understand this important mycophagy interaction between the Shiny Cowbird and the mushroom M. bonaerensis. The study confirms that bird-fungal mycophagy associations are more widespread than previously thought.

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“…Fecal sample were collected without any contamination by spreading a polyvinyl sheet in the cage. Samples were collected in a clean container, by the lid of bottles [14]. They were transported to Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore to check for endoparasites.…”

Section: Fecal Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Health Assessment of Vultures (Gyps bengalnesis) From Changa Manga, Lahore: A case Study

Khan

2021

BioSci Rev.

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Vultures are considered as an important indicator of a healthy environment, and they play a vital ecological role as scavengers. The present study was designed to estimate the health of critically endangered Gyps bengalensis in Changa Manga, Lahore, using a technique that does not require drawing blood. Fecal matter of seven pairs were examined and analyzed for protozoan or helminth infections. Gross examination involved checking consistency and color of feces, presence of blood in feces and gross parasites. Obtained samples had different colors and consistency but no blood was found in them. Pair 1 was infested with oocytes, but in pairs 5 and 6 only males were infested, while the female was infested in pair 7. Pair 2, 3, and 4 was completely healthy. Gram staining was also performed to assess the presence or absence of bacteria culture in digestive tracks of Gyps bengalensis. All pairs were infected with either gram positive or negative except Pair 5 which was negative for all gram staining. The present work introduced a technique to assess the health of vultures without drawing blood samples, a process that causes disturbances to their life cycle.

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Fecal Sample Collection Method for Wild Birds-Associated Microbiome Research: Perspectives for Wildlife Studies

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

First Documentation of Exophiala spp. Isolation in Psittaciformes

First Documentation of Exophiala spp. Isolation in Psittaciformes

The bird shiny cowbirds (Molothrus Bonariensis) in a relationship interesting of mycophagy with the mushroom Macrolepiota Bonaerensis in the brazilian pampa biome

The Health Assessment of Vultures (Gyps bengalnesis) From Changa Manga, Lahore: A case Study

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