Fecal Shedding and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Selected Bacterial Pathogens and a Survey of Intestinal Parasites in Free-Living Waterfowl

Abstract

Free-living waterfowl residing in metropolitan parks in central Ohio were surveyed for the fecal shedding and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Pasteurella multocida. In addition, a survey for intestinal parasites was also conducted in these same waterfowl to determine parasite burdens in free-living waterfowl. Prevalences of 67%, 50%, and 0.2% of E. coli, C. jejuni, and Salmonella spp., respectively, were observed for all waterfowl species. Pasteurella multocida was not isolated from the sampled population. Salmonella java was isolated from one mallard duck. Statistically, there was a significantly higher E. coli isolation rate for mallard ducks than for Canada geese, but no difference was observed for C. jejuni isolation rates between waterfowl species. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted via the disk diffusion method and multidrug resistance was exhibited for penicillin G, lincomycin, vancomycin, erythromycin, and bacitracin. In addition, the prevalence of endoparasites in these sampled waterfowl ranged from 5% to 66%. Protozoan oocysts were most prevalent followed by nematode ova. No trematode or cestode ovum was recovered from this sampled population.

Intestinal Microflora in 45 Crows in Ueno Zoo and the in vitro Susceptibilities of 29 Escherichia coli Isolates to 14 Antimicrobial Agents

“…The isolation rate of E. coli from cloacal contents of 33 crows was 63.6% (21/33) and from cecal contents of 12 crows was100% (12/12). In the case of waterfowl residing in metropolitan parks in central Ohio, the isolation rate of E. coli was 67% [10] which value is similar to our results. Nevertheless, some reports on other free-living birds showed low isolation rates of E. coli from omnivorous passerines and carnivorous nonpasserines (1-5% and 15%, respectively) [3,13,24].…”

“…We determined the MICs of the 14 antimicrobial agents and the drug-resistant patterns. Fallacara et al [10] reported that all the isolates of E. coli from free-living waterfowl were resistant to PCG, VCM, LCM and bacitracin, and 99.5% of the isolates were resistant to EM. All the isolates were susceptible to imipenem, ciprofloxacin and cefepime, and at least 96% were susceptible to gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, netilmicin, and ampicillin/sulbactam.…”

Prevalence and Antibiotic-Resistance Characteristics of Enterococcus Spp. Isolated From Free-Living and Captive Raptors in Central Illinois

“…It has been shown that free-living wildlife, especially waterfowl, may serve as reservoirs, and potentially sentinels, of zoonotic pathogens, most notably Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Escherichia coli (White and Forrester, 1979;Fallacara et al, 2001;Smith et al, 2002;Dobbin et al, 2005;Middleton and Ambrose, 2005). Free-living raptors also are important sentinels for potential pathogens found in their environment (Winsor et al, 1981;Steele et al, 2005).…”

Pesquisa de enterobactérias em patos domésticos (Cairina moschata) de propriedades localizadas em quatro municípios do Ceará, Brasil

“…Durante muito tempo, essa bactéria foi considerada como um micro-organismo não patogênico; no entanto, alguns sorogrupos começaram a ser associados a diversas patologias, tanto no homem quanto nos animais domésticos Knöbl, 2009). Estudos têm indicado que essa bactéria pode ser facilmente isolada em aves aquáticas de vida livre, principalmente patos (Fallacara et al, 2001).…”

“…Entretanto, estudos sobre micro-organismos nessas espécies de aves ainda são escassos. Vários autores alertam que as fezes provenientes dessas aves podem conter patógenos que causam doenças em humanos e em animais (Conover, 1985;Kania, 1991;Fallacara et al, 2001), destacando a importância de estudos microbiológicos para verificar a presença de enterobactérias, de forma a evitar surtos de infecção humana e animal. Dessa forma, este trabalho objetivou isolar e identificar as enterobactérias presentes em patos domésti-cos (Cairina moschata) de propriedades localizadas em quatro municípios do estado do Ceará.…”