Fecal steroid metabolites and reproductive monitoring in a female Tsushima leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus)

Adachi, Itsuki; Kusuda, Satoshi; Nagao, Eiji; Taira, Yasuji; Asano, Makoto; Tsubota, Toshio; Doi, Osamu

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.04.031

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The variation in serum concentrations of E2 and progesterone observed in A. lituratus is similar to other mammals, such as Pecari tajacu (Ahuja‐Aguirre, López‐Debuen, Rojas‐Maya, & Hernández‐Cruz, ) and Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus (Adachi et al, ). However, they differ from others, such as Moschus berezovskii (Wang et al, ), in which estradiol do not change during gestation, and Macaca fuscata (Shimizu & Mouri, ), which presents stable progesterone levels throughout pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

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Evaluation of the uterine hormonal control of the bat Artibeus lituratus during the different phases of its reproductive cycle

Santiago

Albernaz

Santos

et al. 2020

Journal of Morphology

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Artibeus lituratus is a frugivorous bat that directly assists in the restoration of degraded habitats through the effective dispersion of seeds and fruits. Given its great importance, this work aimed to evaluate the uterine hormonal control of A. lituratus during its different reproductive phases. The uteri of 30 sexually mature adult females, five specimens for each of the six sample groups (NON, nonreproductive; P1, initial pregnancy; P2, intermediate pregnancy; P3, advanced pregnancy; LAC, lactating; P + LAC, pregnant‐lactating), were submitted to analyses of serum estradiol and progesterone concentrations, in addition to immunohistochemical analyses. Both estradiol and progesterone, gradually increased during pregnancy, with a marked significant increase in P3 females. Both returned to low levels in LAC‐females; however, estradiol levels decreased further in P + LAC‐females, while progesterone increased in the same group. In general, signs indicative of aromatase expression were observed in the endometrium of all analyzed groups and in the placenta of bats in the gestation groups. Similarly, ERα and PR were expressed in the myometrium, endometrium and placenta at varying levels of intensity. The results indicate that the uterine microenvironment of A. lituratus is directly regulated by serum concentrations of estradiol and progesterone, and fluctuations in these concentrations control morphological and physiological changes of this organ during different phases of the reproductive cycle. Research highlights Increases in serum concentrations of estradiol and progesterone coordinate the gestational period of A. lituratus. Estradiol activates ERα, stimulating cell proliferation in the uterus, in addition to activating the expression of PR, which trigger the quiescence of the myometrium and stimulation of the secretion and differentiation of the endometrium. Results showed several similarities to humans, indicating the use of A. lituratus as an animal model in reproductive studies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…The variation in serum concentrations of E2 and progesterone observed in A. lituratus is similar to other mammals, such as Pecari tajacu (Ahuja-Aguirre, López-Debuen, Rojas-Maya, & Hernández-Cruz, 2017) and Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus (Adachi et al, 2010).…”

Section: Serum Hormone Levelssupporting

confidence: 72%

Evaluation of the uterine hormonal control of the bat Artibeus lituratus during the different phases of its reproductive cycle

Santiago

Albernaz

Santos

et al. 2020

Journal of Morphology

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“…However, in our study, nonmetabolized progesterone was clearly detected in the feces during the luteal phase in a female killer whale. Using the same analysis method, nonmetabolized progesterone was barely present in feces of cheetah ( Acinonix jubatus ) (I. Adachi and S. Kusuda, submitted) and Tsushima leopard cat ( Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus ) [Adachi et al, 2010], and the fecal progestagens included 5α‐reduced pregnanes such as 5α‐pregnan‐3,20‐dione and 5α/β‐pregnan‐3α/β‐ol‐20‐one in both the feline species. Although the HPLC–EIA analysis used in our study is able to methodologically detect 5α‐pregnan‐3,20‐dione and 5α/β‐pregnan‐3α/β‐ol‐20‐one, these metabolites were not detected in female killer whale feces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovarian cycle approach by rectal temperature and fecal progesterone in a female killer whale, Orcinus orca

Kusuda

Kakizoe²,

Kanda³

et al. 2011

Zoo Biology

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This study aimed to validate the measurements of body temperature and fecal progesterone concentrations as minimally invasive techniques for assessing ovarian cycle in a single sexually mature female killer whale. Rectal temperature data, fecal and blood samples were collected in the dorsal position using routine husbandry training on a voluntary basis. The correlations between rectal temperature and plasma progesterone concentration and between fecal and plasma progesterone concentrations were investigated. Fecal progesterone metabolites were identified by a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and enzyme immunoassay. Plasma progesterone concentrations (range: 0.2-18.6 ng/ml) and rectal temperature (range: 35.3-35.9°C) changed cyclically, and cycle lengths were an average (±SD) of 44.9±4.0 days (nine cycles) and 44.6±5.9 days (nine cycles), respectively. Rectal temperature positively correlated with the plasma progesterone concentrations (r=0.641, P<0.01). There was a visual trend for fecal progesterone profiles to be similar to circulating plasma progesterone profiles. Fecal immunoreactive progestagen analysis resulted in a marked immunoreactive peak of progesterone. The data from the single killer whale indicate that the measurement of rectal temperature is suitable for minimally invasive assessment of the estrous cycle and monitoring the fecal progesterone concentration is useful to assess ovarian luteal activity.

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“…Finally, it was dissolved in 0.5 ml of 100％ methanol and used as the sample for measurement. HPLC separation of progestagen and estrogen metabolites was carried out by the method used in a previous report [13]. Progestagens and estrogens were separated using a reverse-phase Nova-Pak C-18 column fractions (1 ml each) were collected at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/ min for progestagens and 80 fractions were collected at 0.3 ml/min for estrogens.…”

Section: Identification Of Fecal Sex Steroid Metabolites and Evaluatimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each fraction was extracted with diethyl ether, and immunoreactivity was determined by the EIA with progesterone, estradiol-17β and estrone antisera. Fecal steroid metabolites were identified by comparing the immunoreactive fraction numbers with reference tracers [13]. As reference tracers, progesterone, 5α-pregnan-3,20-dione, 5α-pregnan-3 α-ol-20-one, 5α-pregnan-3β-ol-20-one, 5β-pregnan-3α…”

Section: Identification Of Fecal Sex Steroid Metabolites and Evaluatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Fecal Sex Steroid Metabolites and Evaluation of Ovarian Cycle and Pregnancy in Somali Wild Ass (Equus africanus somaliensis)

Muren

Kusuda

Shibata

et al. 2014

Jpn. J. Zoo Wildl. Med.

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This study aimed to establish a noninvasive method for monitoring reproductive endocrinology in a female Somali wild ass (Equus africanus somaliensis). Enzyme immunoassays (EIA) using progesterone (P 4 ), estradiol-17β (E 2 ) and estrone (E 1 ) antisera were used to analyze fecal progestagens and estrogens. Then, fecal steroid metabolites of different pregnancy stages were identified by a combination of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and EIA. The change in fecal progestagens showed ovarian cyclicity, but estrogens showed no distinct changes during non-pregnancy.Based on the profile of progestagen concentration, it was calculated that an average (±SD) ovarian cycle was 22.7± 2.9 days. Fecal progestagen levels were fluctuated throughout the pregnancy, sharply increasing on the 67th and 347th days of pregnancy, and the maximum concentration occurred just before parturition (stillbirth). The estimated gestation period by the progestagen profile was 390 days. Estrogen levels also sharply increased from the 95th day of pregnancy, reached a peak in the middle of pregnancy, and then gradually decreased until approaching parturition (stillbirth). 5 α-Pregnane-3β-ol-20-one, 5α-pregnan-3, 20-dione, E 2 and E 1 were mainly detected in feces throughout the pregnancy.The results indicated that the excretion pattern of 5α-pregnane-3β-ol-20-one and 5α-pregnan-3,20-dione detected in feces is effective for monitoring the ovarian cycle and pregnancy, and the profiles of fecal E 2 and E 1 reflect the endocrine function of fetoplacental units.

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Fecal steroid metabolites and reproductive monitoring in a female Tsushima leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus)

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Evaluation of the uterine hormonal control of the bat Artibeus lituratus during the different phases of its reproductive cycle

Evaluation of the uterine hormonal control of the bat Artibeus lituratus during the different phases of its reproductive cycle

Ovarian cycle approach by rectal temperature and fecal progesterone in a female killer whale, Orcinus orca

Identification of Fecal Sex Steroid Metabolites and Evaluation of Ovarian Cycle and Pregnancy in Somali Wild Ass (Equus africanus somaliensis)

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