Fecal weight, colon cancer risk, and dietary intake of nonstarch polysaccharides (dietary fiber)

Cummings, John H.; Bingham, Sheila; Heaton, K W; Eastwood, M. A.

doi:10.1016/0016-5085(92)91435-7

Cited by 428 publications

(237 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Table 4 also compared associations between faecal parameters and fermentation-dependent products, including total SCFA, butyrate, ammonia, branched SCFA and phenols. These associations again con®rm observations made by others (Burkitt et al, 1972;Cummings et al, 1992;Phillips et al, 1995;Birkett et al, 1996). Only faecal weight and transit time were signi®cantly correlated with concentrations of total SCFA and butyrate in the faeces.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…There were also signi®cant correlations between faecal RS and faecal wet weight and reduced transit time (Table 4). As others have observed (Burkitt et al, 1972;Cummings et al, 1992) the increased faecal weight signi®cantly correlated with a faster transit time (Table 4). The only faecal parameter measured during this study to correlate signi®-cantly with faecal pH was slower transit time (Table 4).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

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Dietary intake and faecal excretion of carbohydrate by Australians: importance of achieving stool weights greater than 150 g to improve faecal markers relevant to colon cancer risk

et al. 1997

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Objectives: This study investigated, on 53 Australians consuming a typical Western diet, the relationship between dietary intake, faecal excretion of carbohydrate and changes in faecal markers believed to be relevant to colon cancer risk, for example faecal output, transit time and concentrations of phenols, ammonia and butyrate. Design: Fifty-three subjects consuming their usual diet were asked to record and weigh all food consumed for a seven day period, and to collect faeces for three days during this period. Setting: Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Subjects: All volunteers were either staff and students of the university, or associates of the authors. Interventions: None. Results: Volunteers had the following dietary intakes of carbohydrate (g/d; mean AE s.d.); starch 131 AE 41 (including resistant starch (RS), 5 AE 2), sugar 108 AE 37 and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) 14 AE 7. Daily faecal output was 127 AE 70 g and transit time 47 AE 19 h. Analysis of faecal samples found 0.8 AE 1.2 g RS and 5.6 AE 3.6 g NSP were excreted daily. Dietary starch intake was the only dietary carbohydrate to show a signi®cant relationship with the concentration (mmol/L) of butyrate excreted in faeces (r 0.34, P`0.05). Dietary intake of RS was associated with higher concentrations of faecal ammonia (r 0.34, P`0.05), but this association was reversed when RS was combined with NSP in the diet (r 0.07, NS). In contrast to dietary intake, the faecal excretion of RS was negatively related to faecal ammonia concentration (r 7 0.40, P`0.01) and positively related to faecal output (r 0.64, P`0.01). Individuals who consumed more NSP in their diet (19 AE 7 g/d) excreted more than 150 g faeces per day and had higher quantities of faecal-RS and -NSP; faster transit times; higher concentrations of short chain fatty acids and lower concentrations of potentially harmful ammonia and phenols. Conclusions: The combination of RS and NSP in the colon may be required to achieve an optimal luminal environment conducive to`colonic health'. The results also support the suggestion that faecal output (`or b 150 g/d) may provide a useful index of colon cancer risk. High faecal outputs are achieved through higher intakes of NSP (the major component of dietary ®bre). Sponsorship: This work was supported by a scholarship to A. Birkett from the Australian Postgraduate Research Council.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Dietary intake and faecal excretion of carbohydrate by Australians: importance of achieving stool weights greater than 150 g to improve faecal markers relevant to colon cancer risk

et al. 1997

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“…It has repeatedly been demonstrated that dietary fibre is effective in reducing transit time through the gut and in increasing stool bulk (Burkitt et al, 1972;Cummings et al, 1992). In the present study the total average intake of dietary fibre between the dietary groups varied between 35.5 and 42.0 g dietary fibre/day (results not shown), but no significant differences were found between the dietary groups with respect to mean transit time.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

Whole flaxseeds but not sunflower seeds in rye bread reduce apparent digestibility of fat in healthy volunteers

et al. 2007

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Objective: The aim of this study was to measure the apparent digestibility of fat and the transit time upon addition of whole sunflower seeds (SU) or flaxseeds (FL) to rye breads consumed as part of a whole diet. Method: In a randomized crossover study, gross intake and faecal excretion of fat and energy were measured in 11 young healthy men aged 24.672.7 years. During each 7 days intervention periods, the subjects received a basal diet plus 300 g of one of four rye breads: (1) rye bread; (2) rye bread with SU; (3) rye bread with FL; (4) low extraction rate rye bread with SU and FL. Fat binding properties of rye breads (1) and (3) were determined by in vitro digestion. Results: Addition of whole SU or FL to breads increased daily gross intake of fat and energy (Po0.001). The amounts of apparently digested fat (g/day) and energy were lowered when subjects consumed the SU or FL rye bread (Po0.001). The effect on energy digestibility of FL was more pronounced than that of SU. The in vitro fat digestibility of rye breads and whole diets show fat-binding properties of FL when compared to the rye bread diet (Po0.05). Conclusions: Enrichment of bread with whole FL does not appear to result in increased fat and energy intake when added to breads, but the results rather indicate an impairment of nutrient utilization.

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“…A reduced transit time may be responsible for the increase in the faecal moisture content, but the method used was not sensitive enough to detect small changes in intestinal transit time. A decrease in intestinal transit time has been recognised as preventing constipation and being protective with respect to colon cancer risk owing to an enhancement of the clearance of toxic compounds (Cummings et al, 1992).…”

Section: Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of consumption of milk fermented by Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on the intestinal microflora and immune parameters in humans

1998

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Objective: To determine the effect of consumption of milk fermented by Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (L. casei Shirota) on the composition and metabolic activities of the intestinal micro¯ora, and immune parameters in humans. Subjects: Twenty healthy male subjects aged 40±65 years were selected. Design: A placebo-controlled trial was performed in which 10 subjects were randomly assigned to a control and 10 to a treatment group. During the ®rst and last two weeks of the 8-week study the subjects received a strictly controlled diet without fermented products. The same controlled diet was given during the intermediate 4-week test period but then the treatment group received three times daily 100 ml of fermented milk containing 10 9 CFU L. casei Shirotaaml, whereas the same amount of unfermented milk was given to the subjects in the control group. Results: In comparison to the control group, the consumption of L. casei Shirota-fermented milk resulted in an increase of the Lactobacillus count in the faeces in which the administered L. casei Shirota was predominant at the level of 10 7 CFUag wet faeces. This was associated with a signi®cant increase in Bi®dobacterium counts (P`0.05). Some shifts in the other bacterial species were found, such as a decreased number of Clostridium; however the differences were not statistically different between the treatment and the control groups.The b-glucuronidase and b-glucosidase activities per 10 10 bacteria decreased signi®cantly (P`0.05) at the second week of the 4-week test period with the consumption of L. casei Shirota-fermented milk. Furthermore, the consumption of the fermented milk product resulted in a slight but signi®cant increase in the moisture content of the faecal samples (P`0.05). No treatment effects were observed for any of the immune parameters measured (including natural killer (NK) cell activity, phagocytosis and cytokine production). Conclusions:The results suggest that consumption of L. casei Shirota-fermented milk is able to modulate the composition and metabolic activity of the intestinal¯ora and indicate that L. casei Shirota-fermented milk does not in¯uence the immune system of healthy immunocompetent males.

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Fecal weight, colon cancer risk, and dietary intake of nonstarch polysaccharides (dietary fiber)

Cited by 428 publications

References 36 publications

Dietary intake and faecal excretion of carbohydrate by Australians: importance of achieving stool weights greater than 150 g to improve faecal markers relevant to colon cancer risk

Dietary intake and faecal excretion of carbohydrate by Australians: importance of achieving stool weights greater than 150 g to improve faecal markers relevant to colon cancer risk

Whole flaxseeds but not sunflower seeds in rye bread reduce apparent digestibility of fat in healthy volunteers

The effect of consumption of milk fermented by Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on the intestinal microflora and immune parameters in humans

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