Fechner as a pioneering theorist of unconscious cognition

Romand, David

doi:10.1016/j.concog.2012.01.003

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The "just noticeable difference," or JND, process could be observed in all sensory modalities, but the actual JND fraction observed was modality specific (Norwich, 1987). For Fechner, the JND represented a constant unit that could be empirically determined as the fundamental building block of the mind (Romand, 2012).…”

Section: Founding Concepts Of Psychophysics In the Study Of Tastementioning

confidence: 99%

A Pharmacological Perspective on the Study of Taste

Palmer¹

2019

Pharmacological Reviews

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With those discoveries a new opportunity to examine taste as a function of receptor activity has come into focus. Pharmacology is the science designed specifically for the experimental interrogation and quantitative characterization of receptor function at all levels of inquiry from molecules to behavior. This review covers the history of some of the major concepts that have shaped thinking and experimental approaches to taste, the seminal discoveries that have led to elucidation of receptors for taste, and how applying principles of receptor pharmacology can enhance understanding of the mechanisms of taste physiology and perception.

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Section: Founding Concepts Of Psychophysics In the Study Of Tastementioning

confidence: 99%

A Pharmacological Perspective on the Study of Taste

Palmer¹

2019

Pharmacological Reviews

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“…A century after Leibniz, many theories of consciousness developed in the Leibnizian tradition testify of a concern for the description of cognitive mechanisms to explain the difference between unconscious and conscious activities of the mind (Romand 2012). Herbart's theory of consciousness provides a good example (Herbart 1816(Herbart /1964).…”

Section: The Leibnizian Framework and The Cognitive Problem Of Consciousnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consciousness Science Underdetermined: A Short History of Endless Debates

Michel¹

2019

Ergo, an Open Access Journal of Philosophy

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Consciousness scientists have not reached consensus on two of the most central questions in their field: first, on whether consciousness overflows reportability; second, on the physical basis of consciousness. I review the scientific literature of the 19th century to provide evidence that disagreement on these questions has been a feature of the scientific study of consciousness for a long time. Based on this historical review, I hypothesize that a unifying explanation of disagreement on these questions, up to this day, is that scientific theories of consciousness are underdetermined by the evidence, namely, that they can be preserved "come what may" in front of (seemingly) disconfirming evidence. Consciousness scientists may have to find a way of solving the persistent underdetermination of theories of consciousness to make further progress.S cientists studying consciousness have been unable to settle two central de-bates in the field. The first is about whether subjects are conscious of more than they can report: some researchers believe that consciousness and reportability are equivalent (Dehaene & Changeux 2011; Naccache 2018), while others think that consciousness overflows reportability (Block 1995;Lamme 2010). The second debate is about the identification of the physical basis of consciousness (e.g., Boly, Massimini, Tsuchiya, Postle, Koch, & Tononi, 2017;Odegaard et. al. 2017). In this debate, theories according to which consciousness pervades the universe co-exist with theories suggesting that some specific parts of the cortex are responsible for consciousness (Dehaene, Charles, King, & Marti 2014;Tononi & Koch 2015). My goal is to understand why consciousness scientists do not reach consensus on these questions.1. Here and below, I rely on Simmons's interpretation ( 2001) of the differences between the Cartesian and Leibnizian views of the mind. Danziger has also provided a very similar interpretation of the opposition between the Cartesian and Leibnizian traditions (1980).[Cartesians] regard consciousness as wholly inseparable from mental activity. The same principle passed, through Locke, into the modern English school of metaphysics, and became a fixed idea with nearly all English writers on mental philosophy down to comparatively recent times. On the Continent, and especially in Germany, another and altogether different course was pursued. Leibniz denied the Cartesian dogma ab initia, and maintained the doctrine of unconscious perception, or latent thought, as a fact which can be verified throughout all the stages of animal life, and in the actual operations of the human mind.

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“…En este estudio asumimos que las conductas humanas, sus significados y los sentidos que se le atribuyen, son el resultado de la interacción discursiva entre las representaciones sociales y sus formas de aprehensión (Cattaneo & Silvanto, 2015;De Beule & Stadler, 2014;Lukianova & Fell, 2015;Uher, Werner, & Gosselt, 2013). Esta dinámica es inconsciente y se fortalece de la tendencia humana a negociar significados, como requisito para incrementar la comprensión de los contenidos que se trasmiten y de esta manera, configurar la identidad sociocultural del individuo (Guadagno, Rempala, Murphy, & Okdie, 2013;Maor & Leiser, 2013;Pearson, Naselaris, Holmes, & Kosslyn, 2015;Romand, 2012). A continuación se describen los constructos empleados como soportes teóricos en esta investigación.…”

Section: Soportes Teóricos De La Invetigaciónunclassified

“…La asimilación de una representación exige la capacidad de decodificarla y en ello la subjetividad es clave (Hinterberger, 2015;Ramakrishnan, Isawasan, & Mohanan, 2015). Pero a pesar de que se produce la decodificación consciente, el proceso de adquisición es inconsciente (Morsella, Godwin, Jantz, Krieger, & Gazzaley, 2015;Romand, 2012). Esto explica porque muchas veces interiorizamos representaciones distorsionadas de un objeto que circulan de forma iterativa en un sistema donde compiten múltiples puntos de vista e interpretaciones (Smithson, 2008).…”

Section: Representaciones Sociales Concepción Y Dinámicaunclassified

“…Las representaciones sobre la investigación que tienen los estudiantes universitarios, son el resultado de la interacción simbólica entre ellos, sus maestros y el entorno académico de adscripción, cuya consecuencia es la formación de memes o introyectos que le dan sentido a sus creencias y actitudes hacia esta práctica heurística (Dawkins, 1976;Wang & Wood, 2011). Este proceso es transindividual y no está condicionado por la experiencia subjetiva inmediata (Romand, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Ignorancia inconsciente en las representaciones de la investigación durante el proceso de titulación universitaria

2018

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Resumen. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las representaciones sociales de la investigación que tienen los estudiantes universitarios matriculados en el proceso de titulación en la Universidad Técnica de Machala con la finalidad de detectar los sentidos errados que testimonien el desconocimiento aprendido. La metódica de investigación fue cualitativa. Se trabajó con 140 estudiantes matriculados en el proceso de titulación de la precitada universidad, de los cuales el 40% eran del sexo femenino y el 60% masculino. La distribución por unidades académicas fue la siguiente: 36% pertenece a ciencias empresariales, 50% a ciencias sociales, 8% ingeniería civil, 4% ciencias agropecuarias y el 2% a ciencias químicas y de la salud. La selección fue a través de un muestreo opinático intencional. Se aplicó un cuestionario sobre representaciones de la investigación, mediante formulario digital. Como estrategia de validez se empleó la triangulación de investigadores y la devolución de los hallazgos a los informantes. Se identificó que la ignorancia inconsciente está enraizada en la normatividad metodológica como condicionante ontológico y gnoseológico de la investigación, develándose como síntomas los siguientes: asepsia ideológica de la investigación, Reduccionismo del saber y negación de lo múltiple, transferencia acrítica del método, el experto como actor de la investigación. Se concluyó la conformación de la ignorancia inconsciente nace de la adopción y legitimación acrítica del método, que sostiene que investigar es una consecuencia del método y de la presencia de sus actores, hecho que contradice la noción constructiva, ideológica e interaccional de la investigación. La rigidez de estos conceptos, hace que el objeto de estudio sea forzado a entrar en el canon metódico como garantía de cientificidad. Palabras clave: Enseñanza de la investigación; agnotología; ignorancia inconsciente; representaciones sociales; estudiantes universitarios.[en] Unconscious ignorance in the representation of research Abstract. The aim of this study was to analyze the social representations of research held by university students enrolled in the certification process at Universidad Técnica de Machala to detect the misconceptions that prove the learned ignorance. The research design was qualitative. We worked with 140 students. Forty percent of the students were female, and sixty percent of them were male. Students belonged to different Colleges; Business Administration (36%), Social Sciences (50%), Civil Engineering (8%), Agricultural Sciences (4%), and Chemistry and Health Sciences (2%). We selected the participants through an intentional opinion sampling. Data was collected by having the students complete an online questionnaire about the representations of research. The validity of the data was guaranteed by triangulation of researchers and the return of the findings to the informants. The results

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Fechner as a pioneering theorist of unconscious cognition

Cited by 9 publications

References 36 publications

A Pharmacological Perspective on the Study of Taste

A Pharmacological Perspective on the Study of Taste

Consciousness Science Underdetermined: A Short History of Endless Debates

Ignorancia inconsciente en las representaciones de la investigación durante el proceso de titulación universitaria

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