Fecundity and egg production of four species of short-lived clupeoid from Solomon Islands, tropical South Pacific

Spatial and interannual variability in Baltic sprat batch fecundity

“…Higher batch fecundity was also associated with higher temperatures in other clupeoids, e.g. the engraulids Encrasicholina heterobola (Milton et al, 1995) and Engraulis japonicus (Funamoto and Aoki, 2002). However, the highest observed water temperatures did not result in the highest fecundity values.…”

“…Sprat were caught by trawling during peak spawning time in different years in three areas of the central Baltic Sea: Bornholm Basin (1991, 1995-1996, 1998-2008), Gdansk Deep (2000, 2006, 2008 and the Southern Gotland Basin (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)2008) (Fig. 1 and Table 1).…”

Ethmalosa fimbriata (Bowdich 1825), a Clupeid Fish That Exhibits Elevated Batch Fecundity in Hypersaline Waters

“…While former studies showed that the survival of early life history stages is possible in either high temperature [74] or high salinity regimes [75], egg development, hatching, and larval survival are prone to impairment under combined high temperature and high salinity conditions [21,22]. Certain temperature and salinity combinations might trigger reproduction in clupeids inhabiting variable hypersaline environments, comparable to the isolated effect of temperature on temperate [58], or even on other, tropical species [19]. The observed reproductive strategy may therefore aim towards spawning in a favourable environmental window [76,77], ensuring the survival of well-adapted offspring through enhanced quality in food items and/or predator avoidance during the consecutive weeks [78].…”

“…At the boundary of its physiological performance curve an adult fish is thus forced to budget between survival and reproductive capacity [23]. Therefore, in a heterogeneous environment a species' reproductive potential may exhibit strong variations spatially as well as temporally [19,24].…”

“…Temperature not only has significant effects on metabolic rates and fecundities in clupeid fishes, but also on egg and larval development [18][19][20]. Under conditions of extreme temperature and salinity, adult survival rates of marine fishes, as well as egg and larval development, are impaired [21,22].…”