Federal and State Laws Regarding Bottled Water - An Overview and Recommendations for Reform

Hall, Noah D.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.1072887

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 6 publications

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“…Effect of Other Ions of Interest. Naturally occurring spring water, which is the product of the large and growing bottled water industry, contains a number of cations and anions deemed healthy and desirable by consumers (44). The United States Food and Drug Administration regulations prevent bottled water from being labeled as "mineral water" or "spring water" if there is substantial addition or removal of any naturally occurring ions (47).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoelectrocatalytic Removal of Bromate Using Ti/TiO₂ Coated as a Photocathode

Paschoal

Pepping

Zanoni

et al. 2009

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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These studies represent the rare use of a TiO2 material as a photocathode and the first application of photoelectrocatalysis for BrO3- removal. Photoelectrocatalytic reduction of BrO3- to Br- can reach 70% at neutral pH under an applied potential of -0.20 V versus SCE (saturated calomel electrode) after 75 min on the irradiated nanoporous thin-film TiO2-coated working electrode, which presented a flat band potential of -0.0274 V versus SCE. Regardless of the potential applied in these experiments, no BrO3- removal was observed in the counter electrode compartment or during electrolysis or photocatalysis, confirming that reduction of BrO3- to Br requires the combination of a negative potential (ideally near -0.20 V) and ultraviolet irradiation of the Ti/TiO2 electrode. The process was selective for BrO3- removal in that this process did not significantly reduce levels of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in drinking waters.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%