Federal R & D and Industrial Policy

Abstract

Long-term U.S. economic growth requires better use of R & D resources and closer interaction of the academic, government, and industrial research communities. The federal government has proposed to increase support for university research as a key means of addressing national needs for new knowledge in fields important to industrial development and for training of technical personnel. But continuing growth in support for basic research depends on how well the science community can agree on what research investments will have the greatest impact in producing new knowledge.

Academic–Industrial Relationships in the Life Sciences

“…The public invested in the biomedical research that was conducted at universities in the expectation that the resultant knowledge would lead to practical applications in hospitals, pharmacies, and physicians' offices. 22,24 Policymakers began to see universities as vital contributors to this country's economic recovery and to its economic security in a global marketplace. In the late 1970s, senior officials in the administration of President Jimmy Carter concluded that such cooperation was needed 21,22 and began the discussions with Congress that resulted in the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980.…”

From graphene science to graphene technology: a bibliometric investigation

“…Policy (1981)(1982)(1983)(1984)(1985), defended the government support of close ties between industries and universities through a series of publications (Keyworth, 1982(Keyworth, , 1983b(Keyworth, , 1983a(Keyworth, , 1984. Keyworth argued that the policy was expected to "facilitate the flow of information between sectors that were previously cut off from one another", "encouraging the sharing of expertise and the transfer of scientific research into marketable products".…”