Federalism and Compliance with International Agreements: Belgium and Canada Compared

Paquin, Stéphane

doi:10.1163/187119110790930887

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…For example, most American states have fostered sisterstate relationships with their counterparts across Europe, Asia, South America, and the Caribbean in the fields of economy, culture, and tourism (Fry, 1990). Similarly, many subnational entities in European countries have constitutionally confirmed treaty-making powers, including the regions and communities of Belgium (Paquin, 2010), the regions of Austria and Italy (Pelinka, 1990), and the cantons of Switzerland (Wildhaber, 1990). The inclusion of provincial representatives in the national delegations of various international arenas is a core manifestation of paradiplomacy within Western federal systems (Duchacek, 1990;Feldman & Feldman, 1990;Ravenhill, 1999).…”

Section: Federal and Unitary Systems: The Case Of Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Chinese Paradiplomacy: A Theoretical Review

Liu

Yao

2020

Sage Open

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This article presents a review of the theoretical and empirical studies of paradiplomacy produced to date, focusing on the literature on subnational diplomacy in China, specifically. It argues that the analytical frameworks of previous paradiplomacy studies lead their focus to be restricted to a very limited aspect of the phenomenon only. Moreover, previous studies focusing on the engagement of Chinese provinces in world politics mainly relied on the central-provincial frameworks and susceptible to a geographic bias. This article contributes to the existing literature in two ways: first, by improving the existing framework to better reflect the most essential dimensions of the international actorness of subnational actors and second, by expanding the geographical scope of the study of paradiplomacy to include more non-Western, centralized political system. It presents one of the first academic attempts to systematically review the existing literature regarding paradiplomatic theory and the paradiplomatic activities in China.

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Section: Federal and Unitary Systems: The Case Of Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Chinese Paradiplomacy: A Theoretical Review

Liu

Yao

2020

Sage Open

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“…One of the key ways to do this is for these countries to allow Yunnan to be an authorized signatory of non-treaty agreements. Concerning discussions of the power of making external agreements in the literature, oft-cited instances involved the constitutionally-confirmed treaty-making powers associated with the regions and communities of Belgium (Paquin 2010), agreements concluded between the contiguous regions of Austria and Italy to lower trade barriers (Pelinka 1990), and the agreementmaking powers of Swiss cantons (Wildhaber 1990). Yunnan's international actorness has also been recognized by the Chinese central government.…”

Section: Contributions To Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the hinterland: exploring the international actorness of China’s Yunnan province

Yao

2019

International Relations of the Asia-Pacific

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The scholarly literature on paradiplomacy has tended to focus overly on subnational governments in federal systems rather than those in unitary and centralized countries. However, it is important to note that some subnational governments in these countries have been increasingly proactive in international relations (IR). This study explores the paradiplomatic activities of Yunnan, a province in the south of China which, since the early 1990s, has actively engaged in cross-border cooperation. Combining the concept of paradiplomacy with the theory of actorness, this study first argues that Yunnan has been incentivized to conduct paradiplomacy through the decision of Beijing to open China’s borders; the inefficiency of the central government in managing border-related issues; and the interprovincial competition over economic and diplomatic clouts in the Mekong subregion. Second, this study argues that Yunnan’s new external affairs powers have been consolidated by a host of new opportunities stemming from the external environment. Third, it argues that Yunnan’s new external affairs powers have enabled it to leverage two broad instruments (infrastructure development and economic statecraft) to make neighboring countries more dependent on cooperation with it. And finally, it is argued that Yunnan’s role as an IR player has been acknowledged both by neighboring countries and by Beijing.

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“…En 2011, alrededor del 47% del gasto público se concentró en el nivel provincial en Canadá (el mayor porcentaje en este rubro entre países de la OCDE), mientras que el gobierno local concentró 20% y el gobierno federal, un 28% del gasto público (OCDE, 2015). Estas facultades de las provincias les permiten diseñar la implementación de tratados internacionales que afecten los rubros bajo su jurisdicción (Paquin, 2010). A su vez, Hale (2012) evidenció que una serie de decisiones judiciales desde el siglo XIX les ha dado, significativamente, a las provincias mayor jurisdicción y discreción en áreas de política pública que van desde el desarrollo económico a la regulación de las relaciones laborales, mercados de capital, y desarrollo de recursos naturales.…”

Section: Federalismo Y Descentralizaciónunclassified

paradiplomacy of subnational governments in North America

Martínez¹

2018

ANF

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Federalism and Compliance with International Agreements: Belgium and Canada Compared

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Chinese Paradiplomacy: A Theoretical Review

Chinese Paradiplomacy: A Theoretical Review

Beyond the hinterland: exploring the international actorness of China’s Yunnan province

paradiplomacy of subnational governments in North America

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