Federation and the Tariff

Forster, Colin

doi:10.1111/aehr.172001

Cited by 6 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Discussions of the establishment of the Australian tariff characterise New South Wales, the most populous colony at the time of Federation, as the ‘free trade’ colony and Victoria, the second most populous colony, as the ‘protectionist’ colony (e.g. Reitsma, ; Forster, ; Pincus, ). These characterisations are qualitative.…”

Section: Customs Union: the Harmonisation Of Tariff Rates On Externalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Economic historians have analysed these events in Australia in terms of the formation of a customs union (e.g. Forster, ; Irwin, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the time of Federation, the introduction of the first Commonwealth Tariff and the freeing of trade among the States were described as a ‘fiscal union’. Forster () states that the term ‘“fiscal union” was used in the conventions and conferences preceding Federation to mean inter‐State free trade combined with a common external tariff’. This definition is too narrow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Customs Union and Fiscal Union in Australia at Federation

Lloyd

2015

Economic Record

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A central feature of the constitutional changes imposed at the time of Federation in 1901 was the ‘fiscal union’ of the six States. This union involved the abolition of tariffs on trade between the States, the harmonisation of the tariff rates and of the excise duty rates of the former six colonies, and the establishment of the financial arrangements to distribute the surplus net customs and excise revenues among the States. This paper examines these four elements of the fiscal union. It provides, for the first time, a measure of the change in the level of tariff duties imposed on imports from outside the Commonwealth and in excise duties. The harmonisation of the customs duty rates increased the average rate of customs duty on dutiable imports from outside the Commonwealth by about 34 per cent, while the harmonisation of the excise duty rates maintained the rates at about the mid‐point of these rates in the colonies. The four elements of fiscal union interacted and together they laid the foundations of assistance policy, commodity taxation and Commonwealth–State financial relations for the future Commonwealth of Australia.

show abstract

Section: Customs Union: the Harmonisation Of Tariff Rates On Externalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Economic historians have analysed these events in Australia in terms of the formation of a customs union (e.g. Forster, ; Irwin, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Customs Union and Fiscal Union in Australia at Federation

Lloyd

2015

Economic Record

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As Forster (1975) The impact of the customs union formation in 1901 could be expected to vary by state, depending upon the height of its pre-federation tariffs. The tariff codes of each colony were similar in the 1850s, but increasingly diverged after the 1860s (Patterson 1968).…”

Section: Federation and Australia's Trade Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Federation on Australia's Trade Flows

Irwin¹

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In 1901, six Australian states joined together in political and economic union, creating an internal free trade area and adopting a common external tariff. This paper investigates the impact of federation on Australia's internal and international trade flows by studying changes in the "border effect" over this time. This is possible because Australian states reported intra-Australian trade prior to 1901 and for eight years after federation. The results indicate that federation itself produced little change in Australia's trade patterns, but that the border effect increased substantially between 1906 and 1909 when the protectionist Lyne Tariff was imposed.

show abstract

“…At the time of federation, the Australian states were highly integrated economies, with few formal barriers to trade except the tariff. As Forster (1975) put it, ‘there were no barriers to the free flow of capital and labour, economic institutions often operated across several colonies and of course there was very close resemblance in language, laws, and social institutions generally.’ Federation removed a principal barrier to exchange between the Australian states, namely tariffs. Over time, economic and political union also mitigated the influence of other policies that might have acted as non‐tariff barriers between the states 3 .…”

Section: Federation and Australia's Trade Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Federation on Australia's Trade Flows*

Irwin

2006

Economic Record

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:In 1901, six Australian states joined together in political and economic union, creating an internal free trade area and adopting a common external tariff. This paper investigates the impact of federation on Australia's internal and international trade flows by studying changes in the "border effect" over this time. This is possible because Australian states reported intra-Australian trade prior to 1901 and for eight years after federation. The results indicate that federation itself produced little change in Australia's trade patterns, but that the border effect increased substantially between 1906 and 1909 when the protectionist Lyne Tariff was imposed.

show abstract

Federation and the Tariff

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Customs Union and Fiscal Union in Australia at Federation

Customs Union and Fiscal Union in Australia at Federation

The Impact of Federation on Australia's Trade Flows

The Impact of Federation on Australia's Trade Flows*

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About