Feed additives strategies to control methanogenesis in ruminants, Review

Abstract

Methane gas produced by livestock animals contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and is a major environmental issue. However, the use of feed additives for controlling ruminal methanogenesis has emerged as a promising solution for reducing these emissions. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the use of feed additives such as biological feed additives (enzymes, probiotics, algae), phytogenic plants and their extract (essential oils, saponins, tannins, flavonoids) and chemical feed additives (ionophores, nano minerals, chemical inhibitors, organic acids, lipids and oils, propolis) can effectively reduce ruminal methanogenesis while improving animal performance and health. Incorporating feed additives into livestock diets not only shows great potential for reducing methane emissions but also has positive impacts on animal health and productivity. Furthermore, feed additives are a relatively low-cost and practical solution for farmers looking to decrease their environmental impact without compromising animal welfare or productivity. In summary, the use of feed additives for controlling ruminal methanogenesis in livestock animals holds great promise for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving animal health and productivity, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.