Feed consumption, nutrient utilization, faecal pellet characteristics and serum metabolite profile of captive spotted deer (Axis axis) fed diets containing different roughages

Das, Asit; Choubey, M.; Gupta, Shiva; Saini, Mohini; Swarup, D.

doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2010.07.015

Cited by 3 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In the present study, the concentrations (21 to 41 mg/100 mL) of BUN in the medium and high CP diets were similar to the concentrations of 31 to 38 mg/100 mL found in Indian spotted deer that were fed similar levels of CP, as reported by Das et al (2010). The concentration of BUN was greater when rusa deer were fed a high-protein (15.8% CP) diet than when they received a low-protein (10.2% CP) diet.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Maintenance Crude Protein Requirement of Penned Female Korean Spotted Deer (<italic>Cervus nippon</italic>)

Yang

Oh²,

Ahn³

et al. 2014

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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This study was conducted to evaluate the protein requirement for maintenance of 2-year-old female Korean spotted deer. In the course of the experiment, each of three hand-reared female spotted deer was fed three diets that were iso-calorically formulated to contain low (approximately 7%), medium (12%), and high (17%) levels of crude protein (CP). Each of six trials included a 5-day transition, a 10-day preliminary, and a 7-day collection period. Dietary protein levels affected the apparent digestibility of CP (p<0.05) but not the apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, or acid detergent fiber. All of the deer showed a positive CP balance on all of the diets. The maintenance CP requirement estimated by regression analysis was 4.17 g/kg metabolic body weight (W0.75)·d. The maintenance digestible CP requirement was 1.42 g/kg W0.75·d. The metabolic fecal CP was 1.95 g/kg W0.75·d. The blood urea nitrogen of spotted deer increased (p<0.05) as the dietary protein levels increased.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Values ranged from 12 to 25 mg/100 mL. The data showed that BUN can be used as an indicator of diet quality in spotted deer, as suggested also by Das et al (2010). Blood urea nitrogen was highly correlated with CP intake (r 2 = 0.92).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Maintenance Crude Protein Requirement of Penned Female Korean Spotted Deer (<italic>Cervus nippon</italic>)

Yang

Oh²,

Ahn³

et al. 2014

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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“…From the comparison, it is evident that both fodders used in the present experiment were of good quality. Nutrient composition of concentrate, oat, and berseem fodders was also similar to values earlier reported for these two fodders from the same location [Pathak et al, ; Das et al, ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…When energy is in short supply, catabolism of amino acids increases, which results in hepatocyte damage and consequently, elevated levels of ALP, SGOT, and SGPT [Lohuis et al, 2005] in group I. Serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, globulin, and A:G ratio and SUN was not affected by feeding of supplementary concentrate (Table 3). However, the concentrations of these metabolites were within the same range reported earlier in spotted deer fed forage-based diets [Gupta et al, 2007;Das et al, 2010].…”

Section: Blood Biochemical Profilesupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Little information regarding the nutrition of this species in captivity is available. Previously recorded captive diets consisted either of maize and sorghum fodder as the sole feed [Garg et al, ; Sahoo et al, ] or oat and berseem fodders as a component of a mixed ration [Das et al, ]. In most Indian zoos, animals are fed empirically from the experience of the zoo keepers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Concentrate Supplementation on Feed Consumption, Nutrient Utilization and Blood Metabolite Profile in Captive Spotted Deer (Axis axis) Fed Oat (Avena sativa) and Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) Fodders Based Diet

et al. 2013

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This experiment was conducted to determine the optimum level of a maize-soybean meal-wheat bran concentrate supplement fed to captive spotted deer fed an oat and berseem fodder-based diet. Twelve adult spotted deer [64-76 kg body weight (BW)] were distributed into three groups of four each and were housed individually. A diet consisting of 5 kg of oat fodder and 5.5 kg of berseem fodder was offered to each one of the experimental animals. The animal in group I received no supplementary concentrate, whereas, those in groups II and III received 0.5 and 1 kg of supplementary concentrate, respectively. A 60 days digestibility trial was conducted with a 5 days collection period on Days 55-59 of the trial. Blood samples were collected from all animals on Day 60 of the experiment. Average daily dry matter intake (DMI) was 1,224, 1,613, and 1,574 g/day in groups I, II, and III, respectively. Dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) intake was lowest (P < 0.01) in group I. Intake of P, Cu, and Zn was highest (P < 0.01) in group III, followed by groups II and I. Digestibility of neutral detergent fiber was highest (P < 0.05) in group II. Digestibility of OM and CP was lowest (P < 0.05) in group I. Digestibility of gross energy was highest (P < 0.01) in group III (74.9%), followed by groups II (69.3%) and I (66.2%). Digestible energy (DE) intake (kcal/kg BW(0.75) ) was highest (P < 0.01) in group III (195.4), followed by groups II (180.9) and I (129.8). Initial BW was 72.7, 72.5, and 71.0 kg, whereas, final BW was 71.0, 72.7, and 73.5 kg, in groups I, II and III, respectively. Average daily change in body mass was significantly (P < 0.01) different among the groups. The body mass was lost (-29.2 g/day), maintained (4.1 g/day) and gained (41.6 g/day) in groups I, II, and III, respectively. Blood glucose and cholesterol concentration was highest (P < 0.05) in group III, followed by groups II and I. Serum concentration of Cu and Zn was highest (P < 0.05) in group III, followed by groups II and I. Supplementation of forage only diet with 0.5 kg of concentrate mixture increased intake and digestibility of nutrients, without change in body mass. Animals fed 1 kg of supplementary concentrate received energy in excess of requirements, were consistently gaining body mass and were prone to obesity. Thus, it is a right strategy to supplement forage only diet of captive spotted deer with 0.5 kg of concentrate.

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Effects of immunocastration and supplementary feeding level on the performance and blood biochemical markers of farmed yearling fallow deer (Dama dama)

Needham

Bartoň

et al. 2023

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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In cervids, blood biochemical markers may reflect changes in various physiological and environmental factors, especially in response to changes in metabolism following nutrient supplementation or the manipulation of hormone production. Decreasing androgen production through immunocastration (IC) to ease the husbandry of male animals is currently a more ethically acceptable method than physical castration, but its commercial use is unexplored in fallow deer. Forty yearlings male fallow deer were grouped into four treatment combinations: IC on high (200 g commercial pellets + 600 g concentrate mixture of 90% oats and 10% wheat grains) or low (100 g commercial pellets + 300 g concentrate mixture of 90% oats and 10% wheat grains) level of feed supplementation, or noncastrated bucks on a high or low level of feed supplementation. Immunocastrated animals were vaccinated at the start of the study (Week 1) and again during Week 3 of the study. Diet affected all body growth parameters (slaughter weight, daily gain, carcass weight, dressing percentage and body condition score). Fallow deer from all treatments showed increasing concentrations of fat and energy blood biochemical markers over the study period, including plasma glucose (GLU) and triglyceride (TRIG), and decreased cholesterol (CHOL) and lipase (LIPA) concentrations. The higher level of supplementary feeding decreased plasma albumin (ALB) and creatinine (CREA), and increased globulin (GLOB) concentrations. On the other hand, IC and lower‐level supplementation reduced growth performance. Overall, IC may be an interesting tool for welfare management of yearling stags for slaughter; however, the advantage appears to only be in well‐fed animals, as low‐level of feeding can further reduce growth performance in immunocastrated animals. Further studies should evaluate the carcass performance of animals under similar treatment conditions to ascertain the effects on muscle and fat yields.

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Feed consumption, nutrient utilization, faecal pellet characteristics and serum metabolite profile of captive spotted deer (Axis axis) fed diets containing different roughages

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Maintenance Crude Protein Requirement of Penned Female Korean Spotted Deer (<italic>Cervus nippon</italic>)

Maintenance Crude Protein Requirement of Penned Female Korean Spotted Deer (<italic>Cervus nippon</italic>)

Effect of Concentrate Supplementation on Feed Consumption, Nutrient Utilization and Blood Metabolite Profile in Captive Spotted Deer (Axis axis) Fed Oat (Avena sativa) and Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) Fodders Based Diet

Effects of immunocastration and supplementary feeding level on the performance and blood biochemical markers of farmed yearling fallow deer (Dama dama)

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Feed consumption, nutrient utilization, faecal pellet characteristics and serum metabolite profile of captive spotted deer (Axis axis) fed diets containing different roughages

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Maintenance Crude Protein Requirement of Penned Female Korean Spotted Deer (&lt;italic&gt;Cervus nippon&lt;/italic&gt;)

Maintenance Crude Protein Requirement of Penned Female Korean Spotted Deer (&lt;italic&gt;Cervus nippon&lt;/italic&gt;)

Effect of Concentrate Supplementation on Feed Consumption, Nutrient Utilization and Blood Metabolite Profile in Captive Spotted Deer (Axis axis) Fed Oat (Avena sativa) and Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) Fodders Based Diet

Effects of immunocastration and supplementary feeding level on the performance and blood biochemical markers of farmed yearling fallow deer (Dama dama)

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Product

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Maintenance Crude Protein Requirement of Penned Female Korean Spotted Deer (<italic>Cervus nippon</italic>)

Maintenance Crude Protein Requirement of Penned Female Korean Spotted Deer (<italic>Cervus nippon</italic>)