Feed Utilization and Anatomical Adaptation of Kids after Removal of Compartments of Forestomach or Omasal Laminae

Hamada, Takeshi

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(73)85202-6

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

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“…Conversely, outliers exist with particularly small omasa, such as the oribi (Hofmann, ) and the blackbuck (Sauer, Bertelsen, Hammer, et al, ), and the tragulids completely lack an omasum (Langer, ). Additionally, the fact that specimens of domestic ruminants whose omasum was partially surgically removed or circumvented can survive (Hamada, ; Trautmann & Schmitt, ) proves that a functional omasum is not an obligatory necessity for a ruminant organism, even if the low number of species with no or exceptionally small omasa—and the historical decline in tragulids in the fossil record (Clauss & Rössner, )—allows a narrative where a functional omasum represents a certain evolutionary advantage. Whether the particularly large omasa of Bovini represent an additional escalation (sensu Vermeij, ), with a morphophysiology tuned to maximizing the effects of digesta washing by an exceptionally high fluid throughput through the forestomach (as hypothesized by Clauss, Hume, & Hummel, ), remains to be fully explored.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative omasum anatomy in ruminants: Relationships with natural diet, digestive physiology, and general considerations on allometric investigations

Ehrlich

Codron

Hofmann³

et al. 2019

Journal of Morphology

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The omasum is the third forestomach compartment of pecoran ruminants. It is assumed that the re-absorption of fluid present in the forestomach digesta (that facilitates particle sorting, digestion, and harvest of microbes) is its main function, so that less diluted digesta is submitted to enzymatic digestion in the lower digestive tract. Here, we evaluate measures of omasum size (representing 84 ruminant species in the largest data set) against body mass and proxies of the natural diet (% grass) or forestomach physiology (fluid throughput), using phylogenetically controlled models. The origin of specimens (free-ranging or captive) did not have an effect in the data set. Models with the best support invariably either included %grass or a physiology proxy in addition to body mass.These effects were not necessarily additive (affecting the intercept of the allometric regression), but often indicated a change in the allometric body mass-exponent with diet or physiology. Only models that allowed an influence on the allometric exponent yielded basic exponents compatible with predictions derived from geometry. Species that include more grass in their natural diet, or that have a "cattle-type" physiology marked by a high forestomach fluid throughput, generally have larger omasa. However, the existence of outliers, as well as the overall data pattern, suggest that this is not an obligatory morphophysiological condition. Circumstantial evidence is presented leading to the hypothesis that the comparatively small and less complex omasa of "moose-type" species do not necessarily represent an "original" state, but may be derived from more complex states by ontogenetic reduction and fusion of omasal laminae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative omasum anatomy in ruminants: Relationships with natural diet, digestive physiology, and general considerations on allometric investigations

Ehrlich

Codron

Hofmann³

et al. 2019

Journal of Morphology

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Effects of liquid feeding of concentrate from a pail on growth and on the digestibility of the diet in young calves

Abe¹,

Shibui²,

Iriki³

et al. 1978

Br J Nutr

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1. Studies were done on the effects of giving calves two types of concentrate diet, both in a liquid form from an open pail or in a dry pelleted form, on the closure of oesophageal groove, body-weight gains and the digestibility of rations. 2. Twenty-four Holstein calves were used in an experiment by dividing into two groups of twelve calves each. The 'dry-fed' group (DFG) was given a pelleted concentrate, F1, from 25 to 42 d of age, and then given another type of pelleted concentrate, F2, from 43 to 87 d of age, and again given F1 from 88 to 112 d of age. The 'liquid-fed' group (LFG) was given from a pail a liquid suspension of the equivalent amount of the same concentrates as those fed to DFG calves, for the same periods. F1 contained skim milk and glucose with lower levels of maize and soya-bean meal than F2 which did not contain skim milk or glucose; F1 and F2 were both supplemented with 10 g methionine/kg and also supplemented with lysine at 5 and 10 g/kg respectively. All calves were allowed free access to roughage, and digestibilities were measured at 12 and 16 weeks of age. 3. Wet weights of reticulo-rumen and abomasal tissues (% whole stomach weight) were respectively 69.8 and 17.6 in DFG, and 59.0 and 26.4 in LFG at 42 d of age; at 87 d of age, the corresponding values were 68.0 and 16.3 in DFG, and 52.8 and 36.6 in LFG, and further, LFG had significantly more developed caecums and large intestines as well as significantly less developed reticulo-rumens and omasums than DFG. 4. Free amino acid patterns in plasma did not vary in DFG, but varied in LFG in response to the change in diet from F1 to F2 and to the difference between diets in lysine supplementation. 5. Feeding F1 in a liquid form and F2 in a dry form significantly improved calf gains. The intake of roughage in DFG exceeded that in LFG especially when F2 was fed. 6. The digestibility of diethyl ether extracts did not vary with feeding procedures, but that of crude protein (nitrogen x 6.25) was significantly higher in DFG independent of the type of diet. Digestibilities of dry matter and N-free extracts were significantly higher in LFG for F1, while higher in DFG for F2. The digestibility of acid-detergent fibre did not differ significantly between groups at 12 weeks of age, but was significantly higher in LFG at 16 weeks of age, suggesting a possible compensatory contribution of the large intestine to the digestion of fibre in LFG. 7. The efficiency of liquid feeding of a concentrate diet to ruminants compared with that of dry feeding is discussed.

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Feed Utilization and Anatomical Adaptation of Kids after Removal of Compartments of Forestomach or Omasal Laminae

Cited by 2 publications

References 19 publications

Comparative omasum anatomy in ruminants: Relationships with natural diet, digestive physiology, and general considerations on allometric investigations

Comparative omasum anatomy in ruminants: Relationships with natural diet, digestive physiology, and general considerations on allometric investigations

Effects of liquid feeding of concentrate from a pail on growth and on the digestibility of the diet in young calves

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