“…The PSO algorithm was firstly introduced by Kennedy and Eberhart in 1995. Since the PSO algorithm is easy to implement and has good performance on various problems, it has been applied to a wide range of fields, such as scheduling problems (Araki and Yoshitomi, 2016;Marichelvam et al, 2020;Ding and Gu, 2020), supply chain management (Mousavi et al, 2017;Patne et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2020), robot path planning (Ayari and Bouamama, 2017;Li and Chou, 2018;Das and Jena, 2020) and many others (Domoto et al, 2007;Duan and Hao, 2014;Kawanishi et al, 2016;Liu and Nishi, 2020;Nonoyama et al, 2022).…”