“…In particular, the validity of the adiabatic theorem has been under intensive studies both theoretically and experimentally since it was proposed, and much of these efforts were devoted to the rigorous description of the sufficient quantitative conditions of adiabatic theorem, and the estimation of the error accumulated over a long time [10,14,15,16]. Once the exact knowledge on the adiabatic process is available, it is straightforward to apply the results to the optimal design of adiabatic control on specific systems [17,18]. The most interesting progress is that the validity of the adiabatic theorem itself has been challenged in the recent decade [19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27], both by strict analysis and counterexamples.…”