Feedback regulation of an industrial aerobic wastewater plant

Neria-González, M. I.; Martínez-Guerra, Rafael; Aguilar-López, Ricardo

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2007.08.012

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Hence, CNTs are the most promising candidates for removal of heavy metals from waste, particularly in water treatment and separation processes. Due to a good surface area, it could potentially remove toxic metal, fluorides and organics for the production of high-purity water [20][21][22][23]. Consequently, nanomaterials serve an important role in the removal of organic pollutants, toxic dyes and heavy metals from water [24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-assisted synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes for enhanced removal of Zn(II) from wastewater

et al. 2015

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Removal of toxic metals is one of the biggest challenges in ensuring safe water for all as well as protecting the environment. Novel multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MCNTs) have been successfully synthesised by microwave techniques and improved to be an outstanding adsorbent for the removal of Zn(II) from wastewater. The adsorption of Zn(II) was studied and optimized as a function of pH, initial Zn(II) concentration, MCNT dosage, agitation speed, and adsorption time. In order to investigate the dynamic behavior of MCNTs as an adsorbent, the kinetic data were modeled using pseudo-first-order and second-order kinetic models. Different thermodynamic parameters, viz., DH°, DS°and DG°have also been evaluated and it has been found that the adsorption was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Statistical analysis reveals that the optimum conditions for the highest removal (99.9 %) of Zn(II) are at pH 10, a MCNT dosage 0.05 g, an agitation speed and time of 160 rpm and 60 min, respectively, with an initial concentration of 10 mg/L. On the basis of the Langmuir model, q m was calculated to be 90.9 mg/g & J. N. Sahu jay_sahu@yahoo.co.in N. M. Mubarak for microwave-synthesized MCNTs. Our results proved that MCNTs can be used as an effective Zn(II) adsorbent due to their high adsorption capacity as well as the short adsorption time needed to achieve equilibrium. Hence, MCNTs serve an important role in the removal of heavy metals from wastewater.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-assisted synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes for enhanced removal of Zn(II) from wastewater

et al. 2015

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“…However, during operation, a LED-based photocatalytic reactor may not operate under optimal conditions due to design uncertainty and the presence of external disturbances acting on the system, which may result in a non-optimal energy consumption of the system. Automated feedback control is a standard solution for continuous flow reactors to compensate for design uncertainty and to reject disturbances acting on the reactor [18][19][20]. Usually, rather than directly controlling an economic objective function, a set of controlled variables is chosen such that when kept constant, a minimum loss with respect to the economic optimum is obtained, which is referred to as self-optimizing control [21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The application of automated feedback and feedforward control to a LED-based photocatalytic reactor

Khodadadian

Garza

Ommen

et al. 2019

Chemical Engineering Journal

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An optimal photon utilization is important for the economic performance of a photocatalytic reactor. However, for the desired reactor performance, it is often difficult to predict the required photon utilization. In this work, automated feedback and feedforward controllers are investigated to maintain the reactor conversion close to a desired value by adjusting the photon irradiance within a LED-based photocatalytic reactor for toluene degradation. The feedback controller was able to control the conversion during a set-point tracking experiment and was able to mitigate the effects of catalyst deactivation in an automated fashion. The feedforward controller was designed based on an empirical steady-state model to mitigate the effect of changing toluene inlet concentration and relative humidity, which were measured input disturbances. The results demonstrated that feedback and feedforward control were complementary and could mitigate the effects of disturbances effectively such that the photocatalytic reactor operated close to desired conditions at all times. The presented work is the first example of how online analytical technologies can be combined with "smart" light sources such as LEDs to implement automated process control loops that optimize photon utilization. Future work may expand on this concept by developing more advanced control strategies and exploring applications in different areas.

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“…The aerobic pathway also releases a substantial amount of energy. Although aerobic biodegradation is an established technology, there is still research in the literature covering various aspects of the process with the goal of improving its performance and optimizing its operation . However, prior to the implementation of any process optimization or control strategies, an understanding of the behavior (static and dynamic) of the process is a necessary step.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fundamental analysis of dynamics of waste biodegradation in aerobic processes

Ajbar

AlZeghayer

2013

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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This paper studies the static and dynamic behavior of a biological wastewater treatment process consisting of an aerobic bioreactor and a settler. The process is described by a three-variable model that takes explicitly into account the mass balance of oxygen. The analysis is carried out for the general case where the biomass specific growth rate is assumed to depend arbitrarily on substrate, biomass, and oxygen. The biomass yield coefficient is also assumed to depend arbitrarily on the substrate. General conditions describing the behavior of the model are derived. The general analysis is applied to an experimentally validated model where the specific growth rate depends on substrate and oxygen following a multiplicative Monod form. Practical diagrams are constructed that delineate the effect of various operating parameters on the performance of the biodegradation. The model is also studied for the case of a variable yield coefficient. The analysis shows the existence of a periodic behavior for some range of model parameters. The results of the paper allowed a useful understanding of the dynamics of the aerobic biodegradation including the effect of operating parameters, the specific growth rate, and the biomass yield coefficient on the existence of instabilities in the process. Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the bioreactor-settler process.

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Feedback regulation of an industrial aerobic wastewater plant

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Microwave-assisted synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes for enhanced removal of Zn(II) from wastewater

Microwave-assisted synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes for enhanced removal of Zn(II) from wastewater

The application of automated feedback and feedforward control to a LED-based photocatalytic reactor

A fundamental analysis of dynamics of waste biodegradation in aerobic processes

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