Feedback regulation of growth hormone synthesis and secretion in fish and the emerging concept of intrapituitary feedback loop

Wong, Anderson O. L.; Zhou, Hong; Jiang, Yonghua; Ko, Wendy K. W.

doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.11.021

Cited by 99 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 252 publications

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“…Intrapituitary regulators, including gonadotropin and inhibin/activin, provide autocrine/paracrine control over GH synthesis and secretion [96]. In rainbow trout, estrogen treatment significantly reduces food conversion, body growth, and the expression of GHRs, IGFs, and IGFRs [97].…”

Section: Other Neuropeptides and Neurotransmittersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In rainbow trout, estrogen treatment significantly reduces food conversion, body growth, and the expression of GHRs, IGFs, and IGFRs [97]. At the somatotroph level, receptor expression of a multitude of neuroendocrine factors integrates the signals from various regulators [96]. Ghrelin was first identified and characterized from the rat stomach as an endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor.…”

Section: Other Neuropeptides and Neurotransmittersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuroendocrine regulation of somatic growth in fishes

Dai

Zhang

Zhuo

et al. 2015

Sci. China Life Sci.

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Growth is a polygenic trait that is under the influence of multiple physiological pathways regulating energy metabolism and muscle growth. Among the possible growth-regulating pathways in vertebrates, components of the somatotropic axis are thought to have the greatest influence. There is growing body of literature focusing on the somatotropic axis and its role regulating growth in fish. This includes research into growth hormone, upstream hypothalamic hormones, insulin-like growth factors, and downstream signaling molecules. Many of these signals have both somatic effects stimulating the growth of tissues and metabolic effects that play a role in nutrient metabolism. Signals of other endocrine axes exhibit profound effects on the function of the somatotropic axis in vivo. In this review we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the teleost fish endocrine somatotropic axis, including emerging research using genetic modified models. These studies have revealed new aspects and challenges associated with regulation of the important steps of somatic growth. somatic growth, endocrine regulation, fish Citation:

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Section: Other Neuropeptides and Neurotransmittersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Neuropeptides and Neurotransmittersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroendocrine regulation of somatic growth in fishes

Dai

Zhang

Zhuo

et al. 2015

Sci. China Life Sci.

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“…In mammals, SS1 is thought to act through SSTR2, SSTR5, and to some extent SSTR1 (Ben-Shlomo & Melmed 2010). Studies in goldfish indicate that SSTR2 may also play an important role in the inhibition of GH secretion in teleost fish (Wong et al 2006). It is worth noting that SS1 has also been shown to inhibit GH secretion indirectly via the modulation of hypothalamic GHRH release (Zheng et al 1997), a process in which primarily SSTR1 and SSTR2 seem to be involved (Olias et al 2004).…”

Section: Ss-ergic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF GPCRS: Somatostatin/urotensin II receptors

Tostivint¹,

Daza²,

Bergqvist³

et al. 2014

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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Somatostatin (SS) and urotensin II (UII) are members of two families of structurally related neuropeptides present in all vertebrates. They exert a large array of biological activities that are mediated by two families of G-protein-coupled receptors called SSTR and UTS2R respectively. It is proposed that the two families of peptides as well as those of their receptors probably derive from a single ancestral ligand-receptor pair. This pair had already been duplicated before the emergence of vertebrates to generate one SS peptide with two receptors and one UII peptide with one receptor. Thereafter, each family expanded in the three whole-genome duplications (1R, 2R, and 3R) that occurred during the evolution of vertebrates, whereupon some local duplications and gene losses occurred. Following the 2R event, the vertebrate ancestor is deduced to have possessed three SS (SS1, SS2, and SS5) and six SSTR (SSTR1-6) genes, on the one hand, and four UII (UII, URP, URP1, and URP2) and five UTS2R (UTS2R1-5) genes, on the other hand. In the teleost lineage, all these have been preserved with the exception of SSTR4. Moreover, several additional genes have been gained through the 3R event, such as SS4 and a second copy of the UII, SSTR2, SSTR3, and SSTR5 genes, and through local duplications, such as SS3. In mammals, all the genes of the SSTR family have been preserved, with the exception of SSTR6. In contrast, for the other families, extensive gene losses occurred, as only the SS1, SS2, UII, and URP genes and one UTS2R gene are still present.

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“…Although factor(s) underlying these switches in combinatory sGnRH and gGnIH effects are unknown, one scenario may be considered. Local LH secretion is known to enhance somatotrope gh gene transcription and GH release responsiveness in carp pituitary cells during static incubation (Wong et al 2006, Chang & Wong 2009). However, gGnIH treatment increased cumulative LH release in 12-h static incubation studies only in experiments with cells collected during late recrudescence, but not at early and mid-recrudescence in previous studies with goldfish pituitary cells .…”

Section: Gh Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal effects of GnIH on basal and GnRH-induced goldfish somatotrope functions

Moussavi¹,

Wlasichuk²,

Chang³

et al. 2014

Journal of Endocrinology

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To understand how gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) regulates goldfish GH cell functions, we monitored GH release and expression during early, mid-, and/or late gonadal recrudescence. In vivo and in vitro responses to goldfish (g) GnIH were different, indicating direct action at the level of pituitary, as well as interactions with other neuroendocrine factors involved in GH regulation. Injection of gGnIH consistently reduced basal serum GH levels but elevated pituitary gh mRNA levels, indicating potential dissociation of GH release and synthesis. Goldfish GnRH (sGnRH and cGnRHII) injection differentially stimulated serum GH and pituitary gh mRNA levels with some seasonal differences; these responses were reduced by gGnIH. In contrast, in vitro application of gGnIH during 24-h static incubation of goldfish pituitary cells generally elevated basal GH release and attenuated sGnRH-induced changes in gh mRNA, while suppressing basal gh mRNA levels at mid-and late recrudescence but elevating them at early recrudescence. gGnIH attenuated the GH release responses to sGnRH during static incubation at early, but not at mid-and late recrudescence. In cell column perifusion experiments examining short-term GH release, gGnIH reduced the cGnRHII-and sGnRH-stimulated secretion at late recrudescence but inhibited tha action of cGnRHII only during mid-recrudescence. Interestingly, a reduction of basal GH release upon perifusion with gGnIH during late recrudescence was followed by a rebound increase in GH release upon gGnIH removal. These results indicate that gGnIH exerts complex effects on basal and GnRH-stimulated goldfish GH cell functions and can differentially affect GH release and mRNA expression in a seasonal reproductive manner.

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Feedback regulation of growth hormone synthesis and secretion in fish and the emerging concept of intrapituitary feedback loop

Cited by 99 publications

References 252 publications

Neuroendocrine regulation of somatic growth in fishes

Neuroendocrine regulation of somatic growth in fishes

MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF GPCRS: Somatostatin/urotensin II receptors

Seasonal effects of GnIH on basal and GnRH-induced goldfish somatotrope functions

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