The saliency of detecting errors in one's own and other's actions is likely linked to the discrepancy between intended or expected and produced or observed output. Salient events seem related to dopamine, the balance of which is profoundly altered in Parkinson's disease (PD). EEG studies in healthy participants indicate that the occurrence of errors in observed actions triggers a variety of electrocortical indices (like mid-frontal theta activity and the Error Positivity, oPe), that seem to map different aspects of error detection and performance monitoring. Whether these indices are differently modulated by dopamine in the same individual has never been investigated. To explore this issue, we recorded EEG markers of error detection by asking healthy controls (HCs) and PD patients to observe ecological reach-to-grasp a glass actions performed by a virtual arm seen in first person perspective. PD patients were tested under their dopaminergic medication ('on-condition'), and after dopaminergic withdrawal ('off-condition'). HCs showed a clear oPe and an increase of theta power during the observation of erroneous vs. correct actions. In PD patients, oPe responses were always preserved. Crucially, however, an error-related increase of theta power was found in 'on' but not in 'off' state PD patients. Thus, different EEG error signatures may index the activity of independent systems and error-related theta power is selectively modulated by dopamine depletion. Our findings may pave the way to the discovery of dopamine-related biomarkers of higher-order motor cognition dysfunctions that may have crucial theoretical and applied implications.