Feeding and Digestion in the Bivalvia

Owen, G.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-011505-1.50007-4

Cited by 114 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…AEs of trace elements measured in these particles were comparable (generally at the lower range) to the values recorded for algal diets with various food quality. Trace element assimilation from glass beads presumably results from desorption of the trace element in the acidic gut (pH -5.5) of mussels (Owen 1974). Different ligands on glass beads and algal cell surfaces may result in different desorption rates for trace elements from these particles in the acidic gut.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assimilation of trace elements and carbon by the mussel Mytilus edulis: Effects of food composition

Wang¹,

Fisher²

1996

Limnology & Oceanography

234

190

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Assimilation efficiency (AE) is an important physiological parameter in determining trace element influx from food sources into aquatic animals. We used radiotracer techniques to examine the influence of diet [seven species of algae (two diatoms, two chlorophytes, a prasinophyte, and two dinoflagellates) and glass beads] on the assimilation of seven trace elements (Ag, Am, Cd, Co, Cr, Se, Zn) and C in the mussel Mytilus edulis. Trace element assimilation was related to C assimilation and cytoplasmic distribution in the algae and to gut passage time in the mussels. Mussels displayed different C AEs for the different algal diets; the chlorophytes, which had highly refractory cell walls, were the least digestible food. Assimilation of Cd, Se, and Zn was directly correlated with C assimilation; for Am, Ag, and Cr, no relationship with C assimilation was apparent. For each species except the chlorophytes, AEs of all elements significantly correlated with their cytoplasmic distribution within each algal cell. Among all species, AEs of Am, Co, and Se also increased with elemental penetration into the cytoplasm; however, this relationship was not statistically significant for Ag, Cd, or Zn. With the exception of Cr, AEs of elements increased with gut passage time, implying more efficient digestion-absorption when the element was retained longer in the digestive tract. In waters containing large mussel populations, unassimilated particle-reactive elements should be removed from suspension and enriched in biodeposits in sediments, whereas assimilated metals should be enriched in mussel tissues.For bivalve molluscs, both dissolved and particulate sources can contribute to metal accumulation in tissues. Uptake of metals from the dissolved phase occurs primarily across the gills, after which metals are transported into various organs. Accumulation of metals from particulate sources occurs by ingesting and assimilating metals from particulate sources. Metal influx from particles is a direct function of the assimilation efficiency (AE) of metals, the metal concentration in the ingested particles, and the ingestion activity of the animal (Thomann 198 1;Luoma et al. 1992). Assimilation represents a first-order physiological process that can be compared among different metals, food types, and environmental conditions, and AE can be used to measure metal bioavailability from specific foods.l Corresponding author.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assimilation of trace elements and carbon by the mussel Mytilus edulis: Effects of food composition

Wang¹,

Fisher²

1996

Limnology & Oceanography

234

190

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“…Although the digestive phases described by Owen (1974) and Langton (1975) in shallow-water bivalves correspond to short-term changes occurring within hours of food intake, in Y. hyperborea each phase progressed in an annual cycle as food energy was ingested, stored, and later used as food quality decreased. Similar results have been obtained for subtidal Pecten maximus, where seasonal variations in both cell structure and biochemical composition are independent of the tidal cycle but, instead, correspond to phytoplankton abundance (Le Pennec et al 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, bivalves respond to variations in food availability by exhib- iting changes at cellular and organ level (Owen 1974;Thompson et al 1974;Langton 1975) but can also exhibit cellular changes resulting from stressors such as oil pollution (Widdows et al 1982), spawning , or temperature (Thompson et al 1978). These changes can be used as indicators of whole-organism responses to environmental changes, particularly in seasonal food supply.…”

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The effect of the sinking spring diatom bloom on digestive processes of the cold‐water protobranch Yoldia hyperborea

Stead

Thompson

2003

Limnology & Oceanography

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Periodic sampling from April 1997 to December 1998 of a population of the deposit-feeding protobranch Yoldia hyperborea from the deep depositional zone (250 m) of Conception Bay, Newfoundland, indicated that this species was exposed to subzero temperatures (Ϫ0.63ЊC) throughout the year. However, the standing stock of phytoplankton in the photic zone showed strong seasonal fluctuations with primary peaks always occurring in April (4.26 and 5.09 g L Ϫ1 chlorophyll a in 1997 and 1998, respectively). In addition, sediment chlorophyll a started to increase (from a low of ϳ6 ng mg Ϫ1 dry weight of sediment) as the sinking of a smaller, secondary bloom, reached the bottom in the first 2 months of 1997 and 1998, although higher concentrations were reached by mid-April and May 1997 (21.32 ng mg Ϫ1 sediment) and remained relatively high until February 1998. An increase of digestive cell height and protein content occurred as soon as sinking organic material from the spring bloom reached the benthic zone, suggesting storage of metabolic energy during spring and summer. Sharp increases in digestive enzyme activity occurred primarily in early spring of each year, coinciding with the timing of the primary spring bloom fallout, suggesting activation of the formerly depressed digestive system after a prolonged period of low food availability (i.e., late summer to autumn). Results suggest that Y. hyperborea strongly depends on the input of fresh algal material despite the high availability of organic matter in the sediment.Carbon supply to the aphotic benthic zone of the sea is largely based on the timing of climatic events (e.g., snow and ice melt, rainfall), tidal exchange, and, most importantly, the sinking of phytoplankton blooms (Wassman 1991;Graf 1992). The organic fraction of the particle input to the sediment is a potential energy source for benthic organisms. It is well established that in shallow water the input of fresh organic matter of high nutritional value from primary production creates a burst of activity in the benthic population (Clarke 1988;Boon et al. 1998). Graf et al. (1982) showed that the response to organic matter input is more rapid in those species that utilize the organic matter directly rather than those species that feed on meiofauna and sediment. However, the availability of food particles decreases with increasing depth and becomes more episodic at higher latitudes, imposing specific constraints on the organisms, which must be able to withstand periods of reduced food availability. Thus energy-demanding metabolic processes such as growth and reproduction are often restricted to periods of high food abundance. For example, antarctic suspension feeders show a marked seasonal variation in feeding rates, with the highest activity occurring in the short but very productive summer, whereas most animals cease feeding during

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“…먹이생물로서 미세조류의 특성 중 이용성을 결정하는 요소는 주로 이용 대상 생물에 대한 적당한 세포크기, 영양학적인 생화학적 조성 및 소화성이 중요하지만, 이 중 소화성은 유생의 성장과 생존에 필요한 영양분을 섭취하는데, 매우 중요한 영향을 미치기 때문 에 먹이생물의 이용성을 결정하는 가장 중요한 요소이다 (Owen, 1974;Ewart and Epifanio, 1981;Albentosa et al, 1993). 이와 같은 결과는 소화가 되지 않으면 좋은 영양 성을 갖추어도 활용이 되지 않기 때문이다.…”

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Digestion indices of 12 species of microalgae by the oyster Crassostrea gigas larval development stages

Hur¹,

Jeon²,

Cho³

et al. 2011

The Korean Journal of Malacology

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Twelve species of food microalgae were investigated to clarify the digestion index of Crassostrea gigas larvae using epifluorescence microscopy to choose an appropriate diet for artificial seed production in hatchery. An experiment was conducted using 1 (D shaped stage), 4 (Early umbo stage), 8 (umbo stage) and 12 (Full grown stage) days old larvae. larvae were stocked in 1 L flasks at 5 individuals/mL and fed 10×10 4 algal cells/mL of each species individually. Prior to larvae were fed for 3 h and then were observed under the microscope to detect ingestion; larvae were then sieved and replaced in 1 L flasks containing filtered seawater and were observed after Therefore, it is assumed that food microalgae showing the high digestion such as I. galbana should be supplied to the early umbo stage larvae, and then after the umbo larval stage, the mixed microalgae with diatoms and light green algae should be supplied to the full grown stage larvae to increase the digestion of their larvae.Keywords: Digestion index, Epifluorescence microscopy, oyster, Crassostrea gigas, microalgae, larval development. 서 론현재

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Feeding and Digestion in the Bivalvia

Cited by 114 publications

References 80 publications

Assimilation of trace elements and carbon by the mussel Mytilus edulis: Effects of food composition

Assimilation of trace elements and carbon by the mussel Mytilus edulis: Effects of food composition

The effect of the sinking spring diatom bloom on digestive processes of the cold‐water protobranch Yoldia hyperborea

Digestion indices of 12 species of microalgae by the oyster Crassostrea gigas larval development stages

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