Feeding and the Rhodopsin Family G-Protein Coupled Receptors in Nematodes and Arthropods

Cardoso, João C. R.; Félix, Rute C.; Fonseca, Vera G.; Power, Deborah M.

doi:10.3389/fendo.2012.00157

Cited by 34 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 193 publications

(225 reference statements)

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“…Likewise, the nlp genes would not be expected to be up-regulated as a family, since the NLPs are a miscellaneous group of non-INS, non-FLP neuropeptides (48) that likely function in several independent processes. On the other hand, FLPs have conserved roles in regulating feeding and reproduction in nematodes, arthropods, mollusks, and vertebrates (80)(81)(82)(83). These roles correlate well with the inhibition of feeding and reproduction and the activation of specialized foodseeking behaviors in dauer.…”

Section: Strain Testedmentioning

confidence: 99%

FMRFamide-like peptides expand the behavioral repertoire of a densely connected nervous system

Lee

Shih

Schaedel

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Animals, including humans, can adapt to environmental stress through phenotypic plasticity. The free-living nematode can adapt to harsh environments by undergoing a whole-animal change, involving exiting reproductive development and entering the stress-resistant dauer larval stage. The dauer is a dispersal stage with dauer-specific behaviors for finding and stowing onto carrier animals, but how dauers acquire these behaviors, despite having a physically limited nervous system of 302 neurons, is poorly understood. We compared dauer and reproductive development using whole-animal RNA sequencing at fine time points and at sufficient depth to measure transcriptional changes within single cells. We detected 8,042 genes differentially expressed during dauer and reproductive development and observed striking up-regulation of neuropeptide genes during dauer entry. We knocked down neuropeptide processing using mutants and demonstrate that neuropeptide signaling promotes the decision to enter dauer rather than reproductive development. We also demonstrate that during dauer neuropeptides modulate the dauer-specific nictation behavior (carrier animal-hitchhiking) and are necessary for switching from repulsion to CO (a carrier animal cue) in nondauers to CO attraction in dauers. We tested individual neuropeptides using CRISPR knockouts and existing strains and demonstrate that the combined effects of and mimic the effects of on nictation and CO attraction. Through meta-analysis, we discovered similar up-regulation of neuropeptides in the dauer-like infective juveniles of diverse parasitic nematodes, suggesting the antiparasitic target potential of SBT-1. Our findings reveal that, under stress, increased neuropeptide signaling in enhances their decision-making accuracy and expands their behavioral repertoire.

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Section: Strain Testedmentioning

confidence: 99%

FMRFamide-like peptides expand the behavioral repertoire of a densely connected nervous system

Lee

Shih

Schaedel

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…In the fruit fly D . melanogaster two receptors, DAR-1 and DAR-2 have been de-orphanized [ 36 , 38 , 44 , 47 , 48 ] but in most insects only a single receptor gene exists [ 49 , 50 ]. The beetle Tribolium castaneum is the exception as it lacks both AST-A and the receptors [ 51 – 53 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparison of AST-A activation of DAR-1 and DAR-2 reveals differences in binding and intracellular signalling in the presence of Pertussis toxin (PTX), an inhibitor of G i -type G-protein activity [ 47 ]. In the mosquito Anopheles gambiae (PEST strain) genome, duplicate AST-ARs also exist [ 50 ] and microarray data for blood fed females suggests that they are also functionally distinct as only the D . melanogaster DAR-1 orthologue is up-regulated 3 h after a blood meal [ 57 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling the Evolution of the Allatostatin-Type A, KISS and Galanin Peptide-Receptor Gene Families in Bilaterians: Insights from Anopheles Mosquitoes

et al. 2015

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Allatostatin type A receptors (AST-ARs) are a group of G-protein coupled receptors activated by members of the FGL-amide (AST-A) peptide family that inhibit food intake and development in arthropods. Despite their physiological importance the evolution of the AST-A system is poorly described and relatively few receptors have been isolated and functionally characterised in insects. The present study provides a comprehensive analysis of the origin and comparative evolution of the AST-A system. To determine how evolution and feeding modified the function of AST-AR the duplicate receptors in Anopheles mosquitoes, were characterised. Phylogeny and gene synteny suggested that invertebrate AST-A receptors and peptide genes shared a common evolutionary origin with KISS/GAL receptors and ligands. AST-ARs and KISSR emerged from a common gene ancestor after the divergence of GALRs in the bilaterian genome. In arthropods, the AST-A system evolved through lineage-specific events and the maintenance of two receptors in the flies and mosquitoes (Diptera) was the result of a gene duplication event. Speciation of Anopheles mosquitoes affected receptor gene organisation and characterisation of AST-AR duplicates (GPRALS1 and 2) revealed that in common with other insects, the mosquito receptors were activated by insect AST-A peptides and the iCa2+-signalling pathway was stimulated. GPRALS1 and 2 were expressed mainly in mosquito midgut and ovaries and transcript abundance of both receptors was modified by feeding. A blood meal strongly up-regulated expression of both GPRALS in the midgut (p < 0.05) compared to glucose fed females. Based on the results we hypothesise that the AST-A system in insects shared a common origin with the vertebrate KISS system and may also share a common function as an integrator of metabolism and reproduction. Highlights: AST-A and KISS/GAL receptors and ligands shared common ancestry prior to the protostome-deuterostome divergence. Phylogeny and gene synteny revealed that AST-AR and KISSR emerged after GALR gene divergence. AST-AR genes were present in the hemichordates but were lost from the chordates. In protostomes, AST-ARs persisted and evolved through lineage-specific events and duplicated in the arthropod radiation. Diptera acquired and maintained functionally divergent duplicate AST-AR genes.

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“…Because chemicals produced by pine hosts and vector beetles can regulate nematode behaviours in the life cycle of B. xylophilus33,34 , these GPCR chemoreceptors may play important roles in chemical communication between PWN and local hosts, as well as local vector beetles. Moreover, four rhodopsin family GPCRs were found.Rhodopsin GPCRs were reported to play important roles in regulation of food intake in nematodes35 . Group 2, proteases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative whole-genome analysis reveals genetic adaptation of the invasive pinewood nematode

Cheng

Lin

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Genetic adaptation to new environments is essential for invasive species. To explore the genetic underpinnings of invasiveness of a dangerous invasive species, the pinewood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, we analysed the genome-wide variations of a large cohort of 55 strains isolated from both the native and introduced regions. Comparative analysis showed abundant genetic diversity existing in the nematode, especially in the native populations. Phylogenetic relationships and principal component analysis indicate a dominant invasive population/group (DIG) existing in China and expansion beyond, with few genomic variations. Putative origin and migration paths at a global scale were traced by targeted analysis of rDNA sequences. A progressive loss of genetic diversity wasobserved along spread routes. We focused on variations with a low frequency allele (<50%) in the native USA population but fixation in DIG, and a total of 25,992 single nuclear polymorphisms (SNPs) were screened out. We found that a clear majority of these fixation alleles originated from standing variation. Functional annotation of these SNP-harboured genes showed that adaptation-related genes are abundant, such as genes that encode for chemoreceptors, proteases, detoxification enzymes, and proteins involved in signal transduction and in response to stresses and stimuli. Some genes under positive selection were predicted. Our results suggest that adaptability to new environments plays essentially roles in PWN invasiveness. Genetic drift, mutation and strong selection drive the nematode to rapidly evolve in adaptation to new environments, which including local pine hosts, vector beetles, commensal microflora and other new environmental factors, during invasion process.

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Feeding and the Rhodopsin Family G-Protein Coupled Receptors in Nematodes and Arthropods

Cited by 34 publications

References 193 publications

FMRFamide-like peptides expand the behavioral repertoire of a densely connected nervous system

FMRFamide-like peptides expand the behavioral repertoire of a densely connected nervous system

Unravelling the Evolution of the Allatostatin-Type A, KISS and Galanin Peptide-Receptor Gene Families in Bilaterians: Insights from Anopheles Mosquitoes

Comparative whole-genome analysis reveals genetic adaptation of the invasive pinewood nematode

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