Feeding behaviour, brain serotonergic activity levels, and energy reserves of Arctic char (<i>Salvelinus alpinus</i>) within a dominance hierarchy

Alanärä, Anders; Winberg, Svante; Brännäs, Eva; Kiessling, Anders; Höglund, Erik; Elofsson, Ulf

doi:10.1139/z97-186

Cited by 35 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…For example, given several stations delivering feed at different rates, subordinate fish might be able to sneak feeding opportunities at sites that are not attractive to hungry dominants. Similarly, if food is provided on demand over 24 hours, subordinates might be able to feed at night (Alanärä et al 1998).…”

Section: Solutions: Mitigating the Effects Of Domestication And Captimentioning

confidence: 99%

Fighting and Aggression

Damsgård¹,

Huntingford²

2012

Aquaculture and Behavior

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Aggression (behaviour that actually or potentially causes harm to another animal) is widespread among fishes, often taking the form of territoriality or dominance. The mechanisms that control aggression in fish are described, including the effects of stimuli from opponents, the importance of the context in which an aggressive encounter occurs and the effects of nutritional condition, endocrine status and brain biochemistry. The way aggression changes during development is then considered, evidence given for inherited differences in aggressiveness and an account presented of the environmental factors that influence the way aggression develops. The benefits that fish gain from winning fights, the costs that they incur from fighting and how they balance costs against benefits to promote their individual fitness are described. Data are then given on the incidence of aggression among cultured fish, on some resulting problems for production, welfare and environmental protection and on the effects of domestication and captive rearing of aggressiveness. Possible solutions to such problems are discussed, based on selecting appropriate fish for culture and the design of husbandry systems that minimise aggression. Finally, some systems for mitigating the effects of domestication and captive rearing on the aggressive behaviour of cultured fish are described.

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Section: Solutions: Mitigating the Effects Of Domestication And Captimentioning

confidence: 99%

Fighting and Aggression

Damsgård¹,

Huntingford²

2012

Aquaculture and Behavior

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“…In rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) there is a good correlation between the social rank and the number of self-feeder actuations: one or two dominant fish performed the majority of actuations (Alanärä andBrännäs 1993, 1996;Alanärä 1993, 1994;Millot et al 2008;Millot and Bégout 2009). In Arctic charr and sea bass there is a strong negative correlation between feeding demand (and/or growth rate) and brain serotonergic activity; the main neurological marker of chronic social stress in fish (Alanärä et al 1998;Di-Poï et al 2007). Thus, the assumption that the HTFs are representative of the population may not be true.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of self-feeders as a tool to study diet preferences in groups of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

Millot

Nilsson

Fosseidengen

et al. 2012

Aquat. Living Resour.

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-Among other applications, self-feeding has been used to study food preferences in fish allowing them to choose between feeders with different food content. Preference tests assume that (i) trigger actuations are motivated by appetite, (ii) fish can learn which feeder contains which food and discriminate between feeders solely on the basis of their content, and (iii) in groups of fish, the triggering preferences is representative for the individuals of the group. We studied individual triggering behaviour in four groups of 14 Atlantic cod (length of 34 ± 2 cm, weight of 424 ± 102 g, mean ± SE, water temperature comprised between 7−8• C) that were first given the choice between two self-feeders with identical content (Period 1 of 14 days) and subsequently with one feeder full and the other empty (Period 2 of 14 days) . In all four groups, one or two individuals performed the majority of the actuations, and in three groups the high triggering fish was a female high-ranked for size and growth rate. Cod displayed a preference for one of the two feeders despite their identical content. When the preferred feeder was emptied, the preference switched after one to eight days but both feeders were still actuated throughout the experiment. In conclusion, the assumption that actuation frequency reflects food preference and is representative for the individuals of the group may not be true, at least for Atlantic cod. If aiming at determining preferences representative for the whole population multiple representative fish should be kept isolated in separate tanks, with self-feeders containing each food option, on each tank.

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“…In rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) (5-15 young individuals; 2-6 kg m -3 ), a dominance hierarchy develops and a good correlation is observed between the social rank and the number of self-feeder actuations: the one or two dominant individuals displayed the highest number of actuations, whilst sub-dominants and subordinates showed a medium and low number of actuations, respectively (Alanärä andBrännäs 1993, 1996;Alanärä 1993, 1994). Moreover, Alanärä et al (1998) found a strong negative correlation between feeding demand (or growth rate) and brain serotonergic activity in groups of Arctic charr: high-triggering fish showed a higher specific growth rate and a lower brain serotonergic activity than low-or null-triggering fish. Serotonergic activity is commonly appraised by the 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio, 5-HIAA being the major metabolite of serotonin (5-HT).…”

Section: Feed Delivery Strategies and Fish Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 91%

Demand feeding and welfare in farmed fish

Attia

Millot

Di-Poï

et al. 2011

Fish Physiol Biochem

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Following the development of demand-feeding systems, many experiments have been conducted to explore feeding motivation and feed intake in farmed fish. This work aims to review a selection of studies in the field, focusing on three key factors, related to demand feeding and fish welfare. Firstly, we outline how demand feeders should be considered when developing feed management strategies for improving welfare in production conditions. Secondly, via laboratory demand-feeding experiments, we show self-feeding activities depend not only on feeding motivation and social organisation, but also on individual learning capacity and risk-taking behaviour. Thirdly, we report encouraging results demonstrating that when presented with two or more self-feeders containing complementary foods, fish select a diet according to their specific nutritional requirements, suggesting that demand feeders could be used to improve welfare by allowing fish to meet their nutritional needs.

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Feeding behaviour, brain serotonergic activity levels, and energy reserves of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) within a dominance hierarchy

Cited by 35 publications

References 36 publications

Fighting and Aggression

Fighting and Aggression

Evaluation of self-feeders as a tool to study diet preferences in groups of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

Demand feeding and welfare in farmed fish

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