Feeding Ecology of Migrant Soras in Southeastern Missouri

Rundle, W. Dean; Sayre, Mark W.

doi:10.2307/3808182

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…great blue heron ( Ardea herodias ) that use water depths up to 0.39 m] (Powell, 1987). Submerged ATTZ class 0.0 to −0.5 m coincided with Ridenour's (2005) study on juvenile and small‐bodied fish use of shallow‐water habitats associated with sandbars and is also inclusive of the depth range that rails and herons can use (0.6 m; Rundle, 1980; Fredrickson and Reid, 1986). Submerged ATTZ class 0.0 to −1.0 m was the depth interval used by Reeves (2006) for his study on larval fish nursery and submerged ATTZ class 0.0 to −1.5 m corresponds to the U.S.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Shorebirds and wading birds are highly vagile and opportunistic, taking advantage of available habitat from the range of habitat types (Raedeke et al , 2003). Water depth use varies among species, many shorebird species forage in water <15 cm deep (Rundle and Fredrickson, 1981; Hands et al , 1991; Isola et al , 2000; Plauny, 2000) and larger wading bird species can forage in water up to 60 cm deep (Rundle, 1980; Fredrickson and Reid, 1986; Hands, 1988). If floodplain wetlands and channel‐margin ATTZ habitats have insufficient resources, it is likely that these interior‐migration stopover habitats will not be used as refueling areas by shorebirds (Skagen and Knopf, 1994) and will force wading birds to disperse to other habitats in the area (Powell, 1987).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Flow Dynamics on the Aquatic‐terrestrial Transition Zone (Attz) of Lower Missouri River Sandbars With Implications for Selected Biota

Tracy-Smith

Galat

Jacobson

2011

River Research & Apps

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Sandbars are an important aquatic terrestrial transition zone (ATTZ) in the active channel of rivers that provide a variety of habitat conditions for riverine biota. Channelization and flow regulation in many large rivers have diminished sandbar habitats and their rehabilitation is a priority. We developed sandbar-specific models of discharge-area relationships to determine how changes in flow regime affect the area of different habitat types within the submerged sandbar ATTZ (depth) and exposed sandbar ATTZ (elevation) for a representative sample of Lower Missouri River sandbars. We defined six different structural habitat types within the sandbar ATTZ based on depth or exposed elevation ranges that are important to different biota during at least part of their annual cycle for either survival or reproduction. Scenarios included the modelled natural flow regime, current managed flow regime and two environmental flow options, all modelled within the contemporary river active channel. Thirteen point and wing-dike sandbars were evaluated under four different flow scenarios to explore the effects of flow regime on seasonal habitat availability for foraging of migratory shorebirds and wading birds, nesting of softshell turtles and nursery of riverine fishes. Managed flows provided more foraging habitat for shorebirds and wading birds and more nursery habitat for riverine fishes within the channelized reach sandbar ATTZ than the natural flow regime or modelled environmental flows. Reduced summer flows occurring under natural and environmental flow alternatives increased exposed sandbar nesting habitat for softshell turtle hatchling emergence. Results reveal how management of channelized and flow regulated large rivers could benefit from a modelling framework that couples hydrologic and geomorphic characteristics to predict habitat conditions for a variety of biota. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Flow Dynamics on the Aquatic‐terrestrial Transition Zone (Attz) of Lower Missouri River Sandbars With Implications for Selected Biota

Tracy-Smith

Galat

Jacobson

2011

River Research & Apps

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“…Sora are habitat generalists that forage primarily on seeds throughout autumn migration, which may explain why sora are found in high densities in thick moist soil vegetation in the autumn [9]. However, wetland management decisions, specifically timing of water-level manipulations, directed towards non-breeding waterfowl have unknown consequences on the suitability of stopover habitat for this species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Findings from these studies tend to indicate that sora use habitat based more on water conditions and plant structure rather than specific plant species [9–12]. Sora were detected during autumn migration in shallowly inundated (2–45 cm) habitats dominated by annual, seed-producing wetland vegetation, including Panicum , Echinochloa and Bidens spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sora (Porzana carolina) autumn migration habitat use

2018

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Palustrine wetland management across the USA is often conducted under a moist soil management framework aimed at providing energetic resources for non-breeding waterfowl. Moist soil management techniques typically include seasonal water-level manipulations and mechanical soil disturbance to create conditions conducive to germination and growth of early successional, seed-producing wetland plants. The assumption is that providing stopover and wintering habitat for non-breeding waterfowl will also accommodate life-history needs of a broader suite of migratory waterbirds including shorebirds, wading birds and marsh birds. Although studies of wetlands provide some evidence to support this assumption for shorebirds and wading birds, there is less information on how other marshbirds respond. Sora (Porzana carolina) are a species of migratory rail that depend on wetlands year round as they migrate across North America. It is a species for which the consequences of wetland management decisions directed towards non-breeding waterfowl are unknown. We conducted nocturnal surveys on 10 public properties in Missouri, USA during autumn migration during 2012–2016 to examine sora habitat use in wetland impoundments managed to enhance the production of moist soil vegetation. We found a positive relationship with sora presence and mean water depth and annual moist soil vegetation; sora used, on average, deeper water than was available across surveyed impoundments and used locations with a higher percentage of annual moist soil vegetation than was available. We found a negative relationship with sora use and upland vegetation, woody vegetation and open water. We found sora using deeper water than have previously been reported for autumn migration, and that moist soil management techniques used on Missouri's intensively managed public wetland areas may be compatible with sora autumn migration stopover habitat requirements.

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“…Waterbirds are one possibility. Phyla seeds have been found in the stomachs of migratory birds in North America [70,71] and seeds are considered to be dispersed by endo and ectozoic means in India [72]. In northern Australia, Phyla nodiflora has been found in the stomachs of the Comb Crested Jacana (Irediparra gallinacea Temminck) [73], a water bird common to Asia and Australia that is dispersive among water bodies.…”

Section: Natural Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Phylogeny and Biogeography of Phyla nodiflora (Verbenaceae) Reveals Native and Invasive Lineages throughout the World

et al. 2017

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Phyla nodiflora is an herbaceous perennial and an enigmatic species. It is indigenous to the Americas but is considered a natural component of the flora in many areas and a weed in others. Our aim was to circumscribe the native range of P. nodiflora, to explore dispersal mechanisms and routes and to test the hypothesis that P. nodiflora is native outside of the Americas. Determining whether distributions are natural or human-induced has implications for decisions regarding weed control or conservation. We undertook phylogenetic analyses using sequence variation in nuclear DNA marker ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) for a global sample of 160 populations of P. nodiflora sourced from Asia, Australia, central America, the Mediterranean, southern North America, South America and Africa. Analyses included maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, a Bayesian estimation of phylogeny and a parsimony network analysis which provided a genealogical reconstruction of ribotypes. We evaluated phylogenies against extensive historical and biogeographical data. Based on the sequences, 64 ribotypes were identified worldwide within P. nodiflora and considerable geographic structure was evident with five clades: one unsupported and the remaining weakly supported (bootstrap support ranging from 52% to 71%). Populations from central and southern North America formed the core area in the indigenous range and we have detected at least three native lineages outside of this range. Within Australia P. nodiflora is represented by at least one native lineage and several post-European introductions. Phyla nodiflora is one of the few species in the family Verbenaceae to have a pan-tropical native distribution, probably resulting from natural dispersal from America to Africa then to Australasia. However, it has also undergone human-mediated dispersal, which has obscured the native-origin of some ribotypes. These introductions present a risk of diluting the pan-tropical structure evident in this species and therefore they have important conservation implications.

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Feeding Ecology of Migrant Soras in Southeastern Missouri

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

Effects of Flow Dynamics on the Aquatic‐terrestrial Transition Zone (Attz) of Lower Missouri River Sandbars With Implications for Selected Biota

Effects of Flow Dynamics on the Aquatic‐terrestrial Transition Zone (Attz) of Lower Missouri River Sandbars With Implications for Selected Biota

Sora (Porzana carolina) autumn migration habitat use

The Phylogeny and Biogeography of Phyla nodiflora (Verbenaceae) Reveals Native and Invasive Lineages throughout the World

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