Feeding juvenile Artemia enriched with ascorbic acid improves larval survival in the spiny lobster Jasus edwardsii

Abstract

Newly hatched Jasus edwardsii phyllosoma were fed unenriched Artemia [endogenous ascorbic acid (AA) concentration of 166 μg g−1 dry weight (dw)], Artemia supplemented with algae (AA concentration 594 μg g−1 dw) or with ascorbyl‐2‐polyphosphate (A2P) (AA concentration 11 737 μg g−1 dw) to examine possible benefits of AA enhancement on culture. Plain or algal‐enriched Artemia were fed continuously for 28 days in two treatments during the study. Four other treatments received A2P‐enriched Artemia on a progressive basis starting from the commencement of the trial (D‐0), the third (D‐3), sixth (D‐6) or ninth day (D‐9) of Stage I (14 days) and similarly during Stage II (14 days). Prior to the commencement of A2P supplementation, plain Artemia were supplied to these animals. By Stage III (28 days feeding), algal, D‐0 and D‐3 phyllosoma had attained the largest size. The uptake and retention of AA by Stage III phyllosoma appeared to be dose‐dependent with the highest concentration of AA incorporation evident in D‐0 phyllosoma (1816 μg g−1 dw), while algal and plain phyllosoma contained the lowest concentrations (600 and 300 μg g−1 dw, respectively). Survival at Stage III was highest in D‐0 phyllosoma (89%) and lowest in plain phyllosoma (51%). There was a positive relationship between phyllosoma AA concentration and larval survival (R2 = 0.8328, P < 0.0001). D‐0 phyllosoma had the lowest stress index when subjected to an osmotic/temperature activity test, indicative of better survival in culture compared to plain, algal and D‐9 phyllosoma, which had consistently higher indices. A negative relationship existed between phyllosoma AA concentration and stress indices at Stage III (R2 = 0.9263, P < 0.0001), suggesting that AA from the Artemia diet conferred stress resistance.

Comparing the efficacy of dietary α-tocopherol with that of dl-α-tocopheryl acetate, both either alone or in combination with ascorbic acid, on growth and stress resistance of angelfish, Pterophylum scalare, juveniles

“…Ortuño et al (2003) reported that short-term dietary administration of high doses of vitamins C (3 g/kg) reduced stress in sea bream. Similar results were also reported by Smith et al (2004), Zhou et al (2005), and Azad et al (2007) for spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii, soft-shelled turtle, Pelodicus sinensis, and milkfish, Chanos chanos, respectively. Although ascorbyl acid 2-sulfate (a stable derivative of ascorbic acid) has been found in Artemia cysts and nauplii (Dabrowski 1991;Merchie et al 1995), the amount of the free form varied between different batches, strains, and geographically separated populations (Lavens et al 1989;Merchie et al 1995).…”

Physiological characteristics and stress resistance of great sturgeon (Huso huso) juveniles fed with vitamins C, E, and HUFA-enriched Artemia urmiana nauplii

“…Since the content of all such acids increases due to enrichment, it shows that fatty acid plays the most important role in resistance against stress . Smith et al (2004), Zhou et al (2005), and Azad et al (2007) reported that dietary administration of vitamin C reduced stress in the spiny lobster (Jasus edwardsii), soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis), and milkfish (Chanos chanos), respectively. Supplementation of dietary tocopherol acetate enhanced the resistance of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) to acute changes in salinity (Liu et al 2007).…”

Use of microspheres, fresh and microbound diets to ascertain dietary path, component size, and digestive gland functioning in phyllosoma of the spiny lobsterPanulirus ornatus

“…They include the inability to optimise larval health, and the delivery of appropriate nutrition. Some progress has been made to improve larval health through engineered, chemical and biological techniques to suppress bacterial and viral pathogens (Smith et al 2004b;Ritar et al 2006). Although the delivery of appropriate nutrition is associated with crustacean mastication and digestion abilities (LeVay et al 2001), real-time studies focusing on spiny lobster phyllosoma are scarce (Johnston 2007).…”