Feeding laying hens docosa hexaenoic acid-rich microalgae oil at 40 g/kg diet causes hypotriglyceridemia, depresses egg production, and attenuates expression of key genes affecting hepatic triglyceride synthesis and secretion, but is rescued by dietary co-supplementation of high-oleic sunflower oil

Comparison of Ahiflower oil containing stearidonic acid to a high‐alpha‐linolenic acid flaxseed oil at two dietary levels on omega‐3 enrichment of egg yolk and tissues in laying hens

“…Most relevant, Elkin et al (2015) fed Hy‐Line W‐36 Leghorn laying hens diets that contained either 5% high SDA‐soybean oil or 5% conventional flaxseed oil for 28 days and reported no effects on hen performance. However, Elkin et al (2022) reported that hens fed 40 mg/kg of a high DHA algal oil drastically reduced laying performance and altered ovarian follicle hierarchy. Follicle development has not been normally investigated in n‐3 trial and was observed in the current study to explore the impacts of the 18‐carbon n‐3 FA.…”

A review of recent studies on the enrichment of eggs and poultry meat with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: novel findings and unanswered questions

“…Besides fish oil and fish meal, algal biomass and microalgae oils ( MAO ) are 2 other commercially available ingredients containing preformed EPA and DHA that have been fed to poultry to enrich eggs and meat with VLC n-3 PUFA. In a recent laying hen study from our laboratory ( Elkin et al, 2023 ), the following diets were fed to 49-wk-old White Leghorn hens for 28 d: 1) A de-germinated corn-ground yellow corn–soybean meal-based diet with no supplemental oil (control diet; CON ); 2) CON + 10 g/kg DHA-rich MAO (DHA Natur oil, refined and bleached, Archer Daniels Midland Company, Clinton, IA); 3) CON + 20 g/kg MAO; 4) CON + 30 g/kg MAO; 5) CON + 40 g/kg MAO; 6) CON + 40 g/kg MAO + 20 g/kg HOSO; and 7) CON + 40 g/kg MAO + 40 g/kg HOSO ( Table 10 ). The goals of the study were 3-fold: 1) To evaluate the effect of feeding laying hens graded levels of a DHA-rich MAO on the enrichment of eggs and tissues with VLC n-3 PUFA; 2) To observe the effect of the dietary DHA-rich MAO on hen performance and the expression of key genes related to VLDL and triglyceride synthesis and secretion; and 3) As a follow-up to our studies where co-feeding hens an OA-rich oil and an ALA-rich oil resulted in the attenuation of egg yolk n-3 PUFA contents compared to feeding the hens a diet supplemented with the ALA-rich oil alone ( Elkin et al, 2018 , 2021 ), 2 diets containing both high-OA sunflower oil ( HOSO ) and high-DHA MAO were included in the study.…”

“…The dietary n-6/n-3 ratios were 10.7, 1.3, 0.83, 0.48, 0.41, and 0.54 for Diets 1-7, respectively. 2 Adapted from Elkin et al (2023) . 3 MAO: DHA-rich microalgae oil; HOSO: high-oleic sunflower oil.…”

“… 4 SOY: soybean oil; AHI: SDA-rich ahiflower oil; FLAX: high-ALA flaxseed oil. 5 Adapted from Elkin et al (2023) . 6 MAO: high-DHA microalgae oil.…”

A Comprehensive Exploration of the Fatty Acids Profile, Cholesterol, and Tocopherols Levels in Liver from Laying Hens Fed Diets Containing Nonindustrial Hemp Seed

“…By combining elevated quantities of hemp seeds with flaxseeds, the hepatic vitamin E content was augmented [ 17 ]. Elkin et al [ 19 ] established that the addition of DHA-rich microalgae to the diets of White Leghorn hens mitigated substantial liver enlargement, induced changes in the ovarian follicle hierarchy, reduced the circulation of triglycerides, as well as suppressed hepatic expression of critical genes linked to the biosynthesis of triglycerides.…”