Feeding motivation in swine: Relation with insulin, glucose and free fatty acids in portal and jugular blood, and involvement of cholecystokinin

Farmer, C.; Roy, Niloy Ranjan; Rushen, J.; Robert, Suzanne

doi:10.4141/a00-023

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…While all transported piglets exhibited significantly more frequent feeding bouts than 0 h groups, 24 h groups also expressed significantly longer feeding bouts. Feed withdrawal for 24 h has been shown to increase feeding motivation in 17-to 18-d-old piglets (Lee et al 1999) as well as in older pigs (Farmer et al 2001). The duration of feed withdrawal (in transit) in the current study may similarly have increased piglet appetitive behaviour during the first 3 d in housing.…”

Section: Transport Typementioning

confidence: 51%

The behaviour of early-weaned piglets following transport: Effect of season and weaning weight

Wamnes¹,

Lewis²,

Berry³

2008

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Wamnes, S., Lewis, N. J. and Berry, R. J. 2008. The behaviour of early-weaned piglets following transport: Effect of season and weaning weight. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 88: 357Á367. Two groups of 48 Cotswold piglets were weaned at 1791 d of age and assigned to road or simulated transport during summer or winter. Following transport (0, 6, 12 or 24 h), piglets were grouped by weaning weight (light, medium and heavy) in pens of four. Piglet behaviour was recorded on days 1Á4, 7 and 14 after weaning and transport. As transport duration increased, drinking behaviour increased (PB0.05). Control (0 h) piglets fed less (1.5%) than transported piglets (3.1%) during the first 3 d in housing. Significant differences were observed on days 2 and 3 only (PB0.02). Across season and transport treatment, heavy piglets spent more time fighting (PB0.005) during the first day in housing, and less time feeding (PB0.05) during the first 3 d in housing compared with light and medium piglets. During the first 3 d in weanling pens, piglets spent less time feeding following road transport (2.4%) than following simulated transport (2.9%, PB0.05). Piglets transported by road also spent more time engaged in oral/nasal behaviour during the first 3 d in housing compared with simulated transport groups, although this reached significance on day 3 only (PB0.05). These results suggest that transport of early-weaned piglets may exacerbate the stress of weaning through additional stress related to factors associated with truck movement, such as noise and vibration, and by imposing an increased risk of dehydration following long journeys (12 h).Key words: Early weaning, transport, pigs, behaviour, season Wamnes, S., Lewis, N. J. et Berry, R. J. 2008. Comportement des porcelets sevre´s haˆtivement apre`s le transport : incidence de la saison et du poids au sevrage. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 88: 357Á367. Deux groupes de 48 porcelets Cotswold ont e´te´sevre´s a1 791 jours et transporte´s par camion en e´te´ou en hiver, ou ont subi une telle simulation. Apre`s le transport (0, 6, 12 ou 24 h), les sujets ont e´te´place´s dans des enclos par groupe de quatre, selon leur poids (le´ger, moyen ou lourd). Les auteurs ont ensuite note´leur comportement 1Á4, 7 et 14 jours apre`s le sevrage et le transport. Les animaux boivent plus quand le transport se prolonge (PB0,05). Au cours des trois premiers jours dans l'enclos, les te´moins (0 h de transport) mangent moins (1,5 %) que les porcelets qui ont e´te´transporte´s (3,1 %). On ne note de variation importante que les deuxie`me et troisie`me jours (PB0,02). Peu importe la saison et la dure´e du transport, les porcelets lourds passent plus de temps a`se battre (PB0,005) la premie`re journe´e et moins de temps a`se nourrir (PB0,05) les trois premiers jours, comparativement aux animaux de poids le´ger ou moyen. Durant les trois premiers jours dans l'enclos, les porcelets passent moins de temps as e nourrir apre`s le transport routier (2,4 %) qu'apre`s une simulation de ce dernier (2,9 %, PB0,05). Les animaux transporte´s re´el...

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Section: Transport Typementioning

confidence: 51%

The behaviour of early-weaned piglets following transport: Effect of season and weaning weight

Wamnes¹,

Lewis²,

Berry³

2008

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…Rather, hunger is more likely a product of overlapping central (Broberger, 2005) and peripheral (Stanley et al, 2005) systems that serve to regulate the hunger that an animal experiences. Previous efforts have attempted to quantify hunger of swine in a variety of the mentioned contexts, including the following: motivational (Lawrence et al, 1988, behavioral (Appleby and Lawrence, 1987;Terlouw et al, 1991;De Leeuw and Ekkel, 2004), and physiological (Douglas et al, 1998;Farmer et al, 1998) measures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the adaptation of swine to fifty-seven hours of feed deprivation in terms of behavioral and physiological responses1

Toscano

Lay

Craig³

et al. 2007

Journal of Animal Science

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Dramatic changes in the livestock industry have brought about widespread concern regarding the welfare of animals in terms of the hunger that they may experience. Despite this concern, animal science has not been able to provide a methodology that can objectively determine whether the welfare of animals is compromised by hunger. The current work sought to provide data that characterized the physiological and behavioral responses of animals experiencing 57 h of food deprivation. For this purpose, 2 separate experiments were conducted, in which physiological or behavioral measures were collected from swine deprived of feed for 21 to 57 h or fed normally (physiology, n = 20/treatment; behavior, n = 8/treatment). Treatment x time interactions were found (P < 0.02) for insulin, beta-hydroxybutyrate, NEFA, drinking, standing, inactivity, lying sternal, lying lateral, and total lying. Animals appeared to adjust appropriately to the metabolic challenge imposed, as suggested by increases in alternative energy substrates (NEFA, beta-hydroxybutyrate). Additionally, feed-deprived animals appeared less active than control animals until after 45 h of feed deprivation, when the former appeared to be more active. Our results suggest that feed deprivation of finishing pigs for durations greater than 45 h produced behavioral changes that may be related to increased sensations of hunger and which possibly are dependent on the use of alternative energetic substrates. Our data link behavioral and physiological changes after the imposition of feed deprivation.

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“…However, it did not alter the inhibition of intake in response to oleic acid, to glycerol or to GLU, suggesting that monoacylglycerol-induced CCK secretion is mainly responsible for the satiety resulting from duodenal fat infusion in the pig. In a study by Farmer et al (91) , pigs were fasted for 24 h, injected intravenously with DVZ at 70 mg/kg and subsequently subjected to a feed motivation test (operant conditioning). However, DVZ itself had no effect on GLU intake.…”

Section: Nutrition Research Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, DVZ itself had no effect on GLU intake. In a study by Farmer et al ( 91 ) , pigs were fasted for 24h, injected intravenously with DVZ at 70mg/kg and subsequently subjected to a feed motivation test (operant conditioning). The number of pushes, duration of eating and amount of feed eaten during the feed motivation test were all increased by fasting, and were further increased by DVZ injection, indicating that CCK induces satiation in pigs.…”

Section: Nutritional Chemosensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical review evaluating the pig as a model for human nutritional physiology

et al. 2016

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The present review examines the pig as a model for physiological studies in human subjects related to nutrient sensing, appetite regulation, gut barrier function, intestinal microbiota and nutritional neuroscience. The nutrient-sensing mechanisms regarding acids (sour), carbohydrates (sweet), glutamic acid (umami) and fatty acids are conserved between humans and pigs. In contrast, pigs show limited perception of high-intensity sweeteners and NaCl and sense a wider array of amino acids than humans. Differences on bitter taste may reflect the adaptation to ecosystems. In relation to appetite regulation, plasma concentrations of cholecystokinin and glucagon-like peptide-1 are similar in pigs and humans, while peptide YY in pigs is ten to twenty times higher and ghrelin two to five times lower than in humans. Pigs are an excellent model for human studies for vagal nerve function related to the hormonal regulation of food intake. Similarly, the study of gut barrier functions reveals conserved defence mechanisms between the two species particularly in functional permeability. However, human data are scant for some of the defence systems and nutritional programming. The pig model has been valuable for studying the changes in human microbiota following nutritional interventions. In particular, the use of human flora-associated pigs is a useful model for infants, but the long-term stability of the implanted human microbiota in pigs remains to be investigated. The similarity of the pig and human brain anatomy and development is paradigmatic. Brain explorations and therapies described in pig, when compared with available human data, highlight their value in nutritional neuroscience, particularly regarding functional neuroimaging techniques.

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Feeding motivation in swine: Relation with insulin, glucose and free fatty acids in portal and jugular blood, and involvement of cholecystokinin

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

The behaviour of early-weaned piglets following transport: Effect of season and weaning weight

The behaviour of early-weaned piglets following transport: Effect of season and weaning weight

Assessing the adaptation of swine to fifty-seven hours of feed deprivation in terms of behavioral and physiological responses1

Critical review evaluating the pig as a model for human nutritional physiology

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