Feeding preterm infants milk with a higher dose of docosahexaenoic acid than that used in current practice does not influence language or behavior in early childhood: a follow-up study of a randomized controlled trial

Smithers, Lisa G.; Collins, Carmel T; Simmonds, Lucy; Gibson, Robert A.; McPhee, Andrew J; Makrides, Maria

doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28603

Cited by 64 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…RBC-AA at 1 month of age was also found to be negatively associated with BSID-III receptive language and fine motor abilities at 1 year corrected age, but no associations were observed for DHA. The lack of a significant associations between breast-milk or RBC-DHA and developmental outcome are in line with previous observations [40][41][42], although some studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of DHA on psychomotor development in both term and preterm infants [35,[43][44][45]. A recent Swedish study found significant correlations between breast-milk AA and developmental outcomes at 40 weeks gestational age in preterm infants (born in gestational week 24-36) using the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assesment Scale, which is very similar to the NNNS [16].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Breast-Milk and Erythrocytes and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Danish Late-Preterm Infants

Andersen¹

2015

J Preg Child Health

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Breast-Milk and Erythrocytes and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Danish Late-Preterm Infants

Andersen¹

2015

J Preg Child Health

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“…Two of the 3 studies that reported outcomes on child neurodevelopment showed no beneficial effects of LC-PUFA supplementation in preterm infants on cognitive outcomes at an early age [18 months; school age (language)] or behavior at 3 or 5 years of age (general cognitive tests at 10 years of age) [115,121,122]. However, beneficial effects of supplementation were observed in certain subgroups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Information and Asian Perspectives on Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Pregnancy, Lactation, and Infancy: Systematic Review and Practice Recommendations from an Early Nutrition Academy Workshop

et al. 2014

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The Early Nutrition Academy supported a systematic review of human studies on the roles of pre- and postnatal long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) published from 2008 to 2013 and an expert workshop that reviewed the information and developed recommendations, considering particularly Asian populations. An increased supply of n-3 LC-PUFA during pregnancy reduces the risk of preterm birth before 34 weeks of gestation. Pregnant women should achieve an additional supply ≥200 mg docosahexaenic acid (DHA)/day, usually achieving a total intake ≥300 mg DHA/day. Higher intakes (600-800 mg DHA/day) may provide greater protection against early preterm birth. Some studies indicate beneficial effects of pre- and postnatal DHA supply on child neurodevelopment and allergy risk. Breast-feeding is the best choice for infants. Breast-feeding women should get ≥200 mg DHA/day to achieve a human milk DHA content of ∼0.3% fatty acids. Infant formula for term infants should contain DHA and arachidonic acid (AA) to provide 100 mg DHA/day and 140 mg AA/day. A supply of 100 mg DHA/day should continue during the second half of infancy. We do not provide quantitative advice on AA levels in follow-on formula fed after the introduction of complimentary feeding due to a lack of sufficient data and considerable variation in the AA amounts provided by complimentary foods. Reasonable intakes for very-low-birth weight infants are 18-60 mg/kg/day DHA and 18-45 mg/kg/day AA, while higher intakes (55-60 mg/kg/day DHA, ∼1% fatty acids; 35-45 mg/kg/day AA, ∼0.6-0.75%) appear preferable. Research on the requirements and effects of LC-PUFA during pregnancy, lactation, and early childhood should continue.

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“…A review of randomized clinical trials (RCT) found that mental development for preterm infants fed LCPUFA-supplemented formula was significantly greater compared to control groups 6 . Moreover, there was no clinically significant effect of high-DHA supplemented formula on language, behavior, and temperament using the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory 7 or between maternal DHA supplementation and neurodevelopmental scores assessed by the Bayley-III 8 . Differences in the results may be related to the use of global, rather than specific areas of cognition tests or a gender effect in which only girls were found to have positive response to LCPUFA supplementation 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Breast milk was not associated with expressive language (Bayley-II), but maternal education was associated, and no differences were found between formula-and breast-fed term infants on tests of receptive vocabulary (Peabody Picture Vocabulary TestRevised) and expressive vocabulary (mean length of utterance) 28 . Moreover, no evidence of improved language development was observed between infants fed 1% DHA versus 0.3% DHA breast milk using the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory (MCDI) 7 . Confounding factors such as socioeconomic status and maternal education need to be taken into consideration.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preterm infant language development: a role for breast milk fatty acids

Toro‐Ramos

Méio²,

Morsch³

et al. 2013

J. Hum. Growth Dev.

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Premature infants have an increased risk of developmental disabilities during infancy and childhood. A crucial period of fetal polyunsaturated fatty acid accretion bypassed with prematurity. Objective: to study how the fatty acid composition of breast milk in breast-fed premature infants is associated with cognitive, language, and motor development. Methods: participants included twenty-five healthy preterms, born adequate for gestational age at the Fernandez Figueira Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Fatty acid composition of breast milk samples from the first week postpartum was analyzed using gas-liquid chromatography. Bayley-III developmental scales were applied at 9 or 12 months corrected age. Results: regression analyses revealed that the ratio of linoleic acid to alpha-linolenic acid was positively associated with receptive language development (â = 1.49, p = 0.03). Women with preterm infants showed breast milk long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids concentrations consistent with worldwide levels and a high ratio of linoleic acid to alpha-linolenic acid that might be beneficial for language development in the premature infant.Conclusion: a higher ratio of linoleic to alpha-linolenic acid in breast milk could exert beneficial effects for receptive language development in preterm infants fed breast milk. Larger adequately powered longitudinal studies are recommended to better understand the breast milk composition of this population and its association to developmental indices during infancy.

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Feeding preterm infants milk with a higher dose of docosahexaenoic acid than that used in current practice does not influence language or behavior in early childhood: a follow-up study of a randomized controlled trial

Cited by 64 publications

References 25 publications

Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Breast-Milk and Erythrocytes and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Danish Late-Preterm Infants

Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Breast-Milk and Erythrocytes and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Danish Late-Preterm Infants

Current Information and Asian Perspectives on Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Pregnancy, Lactation, and Infancy: Systematic Review and Practice Recommendations from an Early Nutrition Academy Workshop

Preterm infant language development: a role for breast milk fatty acids

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