Feeding strategies of planktonic cyclopoids in lacustrine ecosystems

Brandl, Z.

doi:10.1016/s0924-7963(97)00042-0

Cited by 61 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Both species frequently coexist in natural populations but have very distinct life histories. Mesocyclops exhibit an ontogenetic diet shift where larval copepods (nauplii) feed on algae before metamorphosing into primarily carnivorous pre-adults (copepodites: [22,23]). Owing to this diet shift, nauplii potentially compete with herbivorous zooplankton, such as Daphnia, which additionally serve as prey for adults [24 -27] (figure 1).…”

Section: Materials and Methods (A) Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This probably makes Daphnia superior to nauplii in algae resource competition. In addition to consuming cladocerans, adult Mesocyclops cannibalize nauplii [22], a common feeding strategy across cyclopoid copepods [23,29]. Thus, this system meets the requisites for a potential juvenile competitive bottleneck (see also [30]) and allows examination of the effects of cannibalism on LHIGP.…”

Section: Materials and Methods (A) Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deadly competition and life-saving predation: the potential for alternative stable states in a stage-structured predator–prey system

Toscano¹,

Rombado²,

Rudolf³

2016

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Predators often undergo complete ontogenetic diet shifts, engaging in resource competition with species that become their prey during later developmental stages. Theory posits that this mix of stage-specific competition and predation, termed life-history intraguild predation (LHIGP), can lead to alternative stable states. In one state, prey exclude predators through competition (i.e. juvenile competitive bottleneck), while in the alternative, adult predators control prey density to limit competition and foster coexistence. Nevertheless, the interactions leading to these states have not been demonstrated in an empirical LHIGP system. To address this gap, we manipulated densities of cannibalistic adult cyclopoid copepods (Mesocyclops edax) and their cladoceran prey (Daphnia pulex) in a response-surface design and measured the maturation and survival of juvenile copepods (nauplii). We found that Daphnia reduced and even precluded both nauplii maturation and survival through depletion of a shared food resource. As predicted, adult copepods enhanced nauplii maturation and survival through Daphnia consumption, yet this positive effect was dependent on the relative abundance of Daphnia as well as the absolute density of adult copepods. Adult copepods reduced nauplii survival through cannibalism at low Daphnia densities and at the highest copepod density. This work demonstrates that predation can relax a strong juvenile competitive bottleneck in freshwater zooplankton, though cannibalism can reduce predator recruitment. Thus, our results highlight a key role for cannibalism in LHIGP dynamics and provide evidence for the interactions that drive alternative stable states in such systems.

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Section: Materials and Methods (A) Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials and Methods (A) Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deadly competition and life-saving predation: the potential for alternative stable states in a stage-structured predator–prey system

Toscano¹,

Rombado²,

Rudolf³

2016

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…The 'herbivore' biomass fraction comprised all zooplankton excluding Chaoborus (generally an obligate carnivore -but see Xie et al, 1998) and part (⅓) of the cyclopoid copepod component, a fractional allocation based on the mixed functional role of cyclopoid copepods as herbivores and carnivores in different species and/or life history stages (e.g. Hansen and Santer, 1995;Brandl, 1998). Further analytical protocols are detailed elsewhere (Hart, 2001;.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bosmina has been characterised as an 'undergrowth' taxon -able to find and feed on diffuse small food particles (including bacteria) in a nutritional environment overwhelmed by large, mostly inedible particles (Sommer et al, 1986). Similarly, the raptorial feeding mechanism of calanoid (and cyclopoid) copepods allows them to very selectively locate scarce suitable food particles (Koehl and Strickler, 1981;Strickler, 1984;Vanderploeg and Paffenhofer, 1985;Paffenhofer and Lewis, 1990;Brandl, 1998). Conversely, Daphnia employs non-selective bulk filtration, a mode of food collection that greatly compromises it when suspended particles are predominantly non-nutritive, as in the case of waters of high clay turbidity (Hart, 1988;Kirk, 1991;1992), or nutritionally inferior or incomplete, as in eutrophic waters with large filamentous or colonial algae, especially cyanophytes (Jarvis et al, 1987).…”

Section: Inter-annual Variation In Zooplankton Community Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent blooms of the dinoflagellate <i>Ceratium</i> in Albert Falls Dam (KZN): History, causes, spatial features and impacts on a reservoir ecosystem and its zooplankton

Hart¹,

Wragg²

2009

WSA

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A lake-wide bloom of the dinoflagellate Ceratium hirundinella, discovered in Albert Falls Dam in October 2006, exposed a significant ecological change indicative of reduced water quality in this historically mesotrophic reservoir. The spatial distribution of the bloom was examined synoptically in October 2006 and January 2007; these surveys revealed generally higher dinoflagellate densities in inshore reaches of the lake, and especially in the discharge plume of the inflowing Mgeni River. Ceratium totally dominated the phytoplankton assemblage, accounting almost completely for coincident chlorophyll levels, which generally increased with depth to generate a 'deep' chlorophyll maximum. Vertical oxygen profiles during the bloom differed substantially from corresponding profiles during non-bloom conditions historically typical in this reservoir. Direct count data and ordination analysis using non-metric multidimensional scaling exposed marked changes in zooplankton community structure compared to seasonally congruent non-bloom conditions in other years. Changes included the effective replacement of Moina by Bosmina, substantial reductions in Daphnia and Ceriodaphnia, and smaller but definite increases in abundance especially of calanoid copepods, as well as cyclopoid copepods and of Chaoborus, although not all of these differences were apparent in both survey months. These compositional changes are attributable to intrinsic differences in feeding biology among taxa and their associated susceptibility to the altered food environment, which was commensurate with Ceratium's emergence. In addition, chydorid cladocerans appeared as a new (but spatially restricted) eutrophic bio-indicator component of the zooplankton, and the species diversity of cyclopoid copepods was enriched.The historical incidence of Ceratium in the lake since 1995 coincided with low NO 3 -N:TP values (used here as an N:P ratio proxy), particularly of inflow waters, and with broadly coincident values in the open lake. Ceratium was present but sparse in 1995, at average N:P ratios around 5.5. It disappeared in 1996 when the ratio increased radically to >10, and reappeared in 2004 after an erratic decline of the ratio to < 5 in the lake. The decline in N:P ratio of inflow waters since 1996 was clearly associated with a consistent rise in TP levels in inflows, most plausibly attributable to inputs of (Howick) wastewater treatment (WWT) plant origin. The appearance of Ceratium blooms is accordingly related to progressive elevations in mean annual P concentrations in inflows from ~40 µg/l in 1995 to 120 µg/l in 2007 (broadly mirrored in annual TP loadings), suggesting that improved operational efficiency (and capacity) of the WWT plant offers a plausible prospect for mitigation and reversal.

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“…Cyclopoid copepods are selective, omnivorous predators that can have a substantial effect on their zooplankton prey (reviewed in Brandl 1998). Cyclopoid copepods detect prey by mechanoand chemoreception, and most of them manipulate captured prey before ingestion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Predation as a factor mediating resource competition among rotifer sibling species

Ciros‐Pérez

Carmona

Lapesa

2004

Limnology & Oceanography

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The relevance of predation as a factor mediating the competitive interaction among ecologically very similar species is investigated by experimentally analyzing the effect of the copepod predator Diacyclops bicuspidatus odessanus on three sibling rotifer species belonging to the Brachionus plicatilis species complex. These rotifer species are similar in shape but show notable differences in body size. Predator and prey species co-occur in brackish waterbodies close to the Mediterranean coast of Spain. First, we characterized differential vulnerability of rotifers to predation. A consistent tendency of higher predation rates on smaller prey (i.e., smaller species and younger individuals) was observed. Analysis of predation showed that predator contact rate did not differ significantly among prey species, but that attack, capture probabilities, and handling time did. Second, we performed population dynamics experiments with two prey species competing for a single resource at different levels of predation. Predation extended coexistence of the competing rotifers, whereas the inferior competitor was excluded in the absence of the predator. In some pairwise experiments, we found that the greater the predation level, the larger the relative increase in density of the inferior competitor. Our results suggest that predation can affect the dynamics of very similar competing species in natural aquatic communities, promoting coexistence.

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Feeding strategies of planktonic cyclopoids in lacustrine ecosystems

Cited by 61 publications

References 49 publications

Deadly competition and life-saving predation: the potential for alternative stable states in a stage-structured predator–prey system

Deadly competition and life-saving predation: the potential for alternative stable states in a stage-structured predator–prey system

Recent blooms of the dinoflagellate <i>Ceratium</i> in Albert Falls Dam (KZN): History, causes, spatial features and impacts on a reservoir ecosystem and its zooplankton

Predation as a factor mediating resource competition among rotifer sibling species

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