Feeling Conflicted and Seeking Information

Sawicki, Vanessa; Wegener, Duane T.; Clark, Jason K.; Fabrigar, Leandre R.; Smith, Steven M.; Durso, Geoffrey R. O.

doi:10.1177/0146167213481388

Cited by 66 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Ambivalence is a central construct in the literature on attitudes, and it has been the focus of a recent resurgence in research interest (e.g., Cavazza & Butera, 2008;Clark et al, 2008;Clarkson, Tormala, & Rucker, 2008;Cowley & Czellar, 2012;DeMarree, Morrison, Wheeler, & Petty, 2011;Hormes & Rozin, 2011;Petty, Tormala, Briñol, & Jarvis, 2006;Priester et al, 2007;Sawicki et al, 2013;Schneider et al, 2013;van Harreveld, Rutjens, et al, 2009;Ziegler, Schlett, Casel, & Diehl, 2012). Although the subjective experience of conflict is important because it often drives ambivalence outcomes (e.g., attitudebehavior correspondence, information seeking), there is a current gap in our understanding of the factors that contribute to this sense of conflict.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wanting other attitudes: Actual–desired attitude discrepancies predict feelings of ambivalence and ambivalence consequences

DeMarree

Wheeler

Briñol

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

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Esta es la versión de autor del artículo publicado en: This is an author produced version of a paper published in: El acceso a la versión del editor puede requerir la suscripción del recurso Access to the published version may require subscription ACTUAL-DESIRED ATTITUDE DISCREPANCIES 2 AbstractFeelings of attitudinal ambivalence (subjective ambivalence) are important because they predict key consequences of attitudes (e.g., attitude-behavior correspondence, attitude stability).However, the field's understanding of the antecedents of subjective ambivalence is still developing. We explore a previously unexamined antecedent of subjective ambivalence.Specifically, we examined discrepancies between participants' actual attitudes and their desired attitudes as antecedents of subjective ambivalence and ambivalence consequences. Six studies using a variety of attitude objects were conducted to test these ideas. The first four studies demonstrated that actual-desired attitude discrepancies predicted subjective ambivalence over its previously documented antecedents. Critically, two additional studies showed that actual-desired attitude discrepancies predicted important consequences of ambivalence. As actual-desired attitude discrepancies increased, participants' attitude-behavior correspondence decreased (Study 5), and desire to reduce attitudinal conflict increased (Study 6). Process data in these latter studies revealed indirect effects through subjective ambivalence that held after controlling for the objective presence of evaluative conflict.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wanting other attitudes: Actual–desired attitude discrepancies predict feelings of ambivalence and ambivalence consequences

DeMarree

Wheeler

Briñol

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

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“…counterattitudinal information; Clark, Wegener, & Fabrigar, 2008;Maio, Bell, & Esses, 1996). Greater ambivalence has also been associated with choosing to see more attitude-consistent information, particularly when the information was unfamiliar and thus more capable of reducing ambivalence (Sawicki et al, 2013). That is, contrary to the typical connection to weak attitudes, ambivalent attitudes can greatly impact thoughts and behaviors (e.g.…”

Section: Bolstering Versus Strength Motivationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitude strength: Distinguishing predictors versus defining features

Luttrell

Sawicki

2020

Social & Personality Psych

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Attitudes play a fundamental role in many aspects of social psychology, but researchers have long recognized that attitudes vary in their susceptibility to change and their influence on behavior and cognitive processes. This insight lies at the heart of attitude strength, which is defined as an attitude's durability and impact. A variety of attitude attributes such as certainty and ambivalence have been shown to correlate with these aspects of attitude strength, which has made for some confusion as to what variables define strong attitudes versus predict an attitude's strength. In this article, we highlight this distinction between predictors and defining features of strength and review recent programs of research demonstrating the independence of strength‐related attitude attributes and attitude strength itself. Specifically, although some attitude attributes are associated with the attitude's durability and impact, there are conditions under which those attributes fail to predict attitude strength or even have the opposite effects. Throughout, this review reveals nuances in the attitude strength literature and provokes new questions for future inquiry.

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“…Subsequently, participants completed a selective exposure task that was designed to assess their interest in math-related academic and career pursuits (procedures modified from those used by Sawicki et al, 2013). Participants were provided with a list of 10 titles for new courses that were supposedly under consideration for their university course catalog.…”

Section: Ethodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereotype validation: The effects of activating negative stereotypes after intellectual performance.

Clark¹,

Thiem²,

Barden³

et al. 2015

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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With regard to intellectual performance, a large body of research has shown that stigmatized group members may perform more poorly when negative, self-relevant stereotypes become activated prior to a task. However, no research to date has identified the potential ramifications of stereotype activation that happens after-rather than before-a person has finished performing. Six studies examined how postperformance stereotype salience may increase the certainty individuals have in evaluations of their own performance. In the current research, the accessibility of gender or racial stereotypes was manipulated after participants completed either a difficult math test (Studies 1-5) or a test of child-care knowledge (Study 6). Consistent with predictions, stereotype activation was found to increase the certainty that women (Studies 1, 2, 4, and 5), African Americans (Study 3), and men (Study 6) had toward negative evaluations of their own test performance. These effects emerged when performance-related perceptions were stereotype consistent rather than inconsistent (Studies 1-6) and were found to be most pronounced among those who were highly identified with the stereotyped group (Study 5). Furthermore, greater certainty-triggered by negative stereotypes-predicted lowered domain-relevant beliefs (Studies 1, 2, 3, and 6) and differential exposure to domain-relevant stimuli (Studies 4 and 5).

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Feeling Conflicted and Seeking Information

Cited by 66 publications

References 39 publications

Wanting other attitudes: Actual–desired attitude discrepancies predict feelings of ambivalence and ambivalence consequences

Wanting other attitudes: Actual–desired attitude discrepancies predict feelings of ambivalence and ambivalence consequences

Attitude strength: Distinguishing predictors versus defining features

Stereotype validation: The effects of activating negative stereotypes after intellectual performance.

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