Feeling excited or taking a bath: Do distinct pathways underlie the positive affect–health link in the U.S. and Japan?

Clobert, Magali; Sims, Tamara; Yoo, Jiah; Miyamoto, Yuri; Markus, Hazel Rose; Karasawa, Mayumi; Levine, Cynthia S.

doi:10.1037/emo0000531

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…The results partially supported our hypotheses that high-arousal positive affect would show weaker association with health than general/low-arousal positive affect in Japan, except for functional health. These are consistent with prior research showing that low-arousal positive affect was more strongly associated with health than high-arousal positive affect in Japan (Clobert et al, 2019). Cumulative profiles of hedonic well-being did not predict change in health symptoms, contrary to eudaimonic well-being.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Similarly, Yoo et al (2017) found that positive affect predicted healthy lipid profiles in the United States, but not in Japan. Clobert et al (2019) suggest that cultural moderation of the association between positive affect and health might be particularly strong for high-arousal positive affect. Their findings, in fact, showed that high-arousal positive affect predicted selfreported health more strongly in the United States than in Japan, while low-arousal positive affect even showed a reversed pattern (Clobert et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Longitudinal Profiles of Psychological Well-Being and Health: Findings From Japan

Yoo

Ryff

2019

Front. Psychol.

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Studies have reported relationships between psychological well-being and physical health in Western cultural contexts. However, longitudinal associations between wellbeing and health have not been examined in other cultures where different values and beliefs about well-being exist. This paper examined whether longitudinal profiles of wellbeing predict prospective health among Japanese adults. Data came from 654 people who completed two waves of the Midlife in Japan (MIDJA) Study collected 4-5 years apart. Health outcomes were assessed with subjective health, chronic conditions, physical symptoms, and functional health. The results showed that persistently high well-being predicted better health over time. High-arousal positive affect, which is relatively less valued in Japanese culture, was also associated with better health. The findings add cross-cultural evidence to the cross-time link between well-being and health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Longitudinal Profiles of Psychological Well-Being and Health: Findings From Japan

Yoo

Ryff

2019

Front. Psychol.

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“…All items were scored on a 5‐point Likert‐type scale, ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (always). Positive and negative affect measure in this questionnaire was validated previously 29 . The scores from each of the 18 items were averaged and used for analyses (Cronbach's α values: 0.95 [positive] and 0.92 [negative]).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Gratitude at Work Scale (GAWS)

Komase

Watanabe

Sasaki

et al. 2020

Journal of Occupational Health

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Objectives Workplace gratitude is important for improving work‐related outcomes and individual well‐being. Although the gratitude at work scale (GAWS) was developed in the United States, it has not been corroborated in Asian countries with interdependent cultures. This study aimed to develop and validate the GAWS among Japanese workers. Method Japanese workers completed online surveys at baseline (N = 206) and 2 weeks later (N = 103). The Japanese GAWS was developed according to the international guidelines. We measured (a) trait gratitude as comparison for the criterion‐related validity, (b) work‐related outcomes/factors (eg, work engagement), and (c) well‐being (eg, eudemonic well‐being at work) as comparisons for convergent validity. Cronbach's alpha, intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICCs), and measurement errors were calculated to assess reliability; measurement validity was evaluated by correlational analyses and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results A total of 206 and 93 workers were included for baseline and follow‐up analyses, respectively. Cronbach's alpha and ICCs of the Japanese GAWS ranged from 0.81 to 0.91. CFA showed that the 2‐factor model (ie, gratitude for (a) a supportive work environment and (b) meaningful work) demonstrated a good fit (χ 2 (34) = 67.58, CFI = 0.967, TLI = 0.956, RMSEA = 0.069, SRMR = 0.037), similar to the original version. As we had hypothesized, overall GAWS and the two domains were significantly correlated with trait gratitude, work‐related outcomes/factors, and well‐being. Conclusions The Japanese GAWS demonstrated good reliability and validity. Future research should explore mechanisms related to workplace gratitude and further intervention studies among workers.

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“…Positive and negative adjectives were measured by four and five items of each (e.g., enthusiastic, attentive, proud, active, afraid, jittery, irritable, ashamed, upset) from The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) [33], which is a widely used mood measurement and regarded as one of the indicators of hedonic well-being. In addition, positive affect was each measured by six items (i.e., cheerful, in good spirits, extremely happy, calm and peaceful, satisfied, full of life), because such low arousal positive feeling has been reported to have stronger link with health among Japanese people, other than high arousal feelings, measured by PANAS [34]. The negative affect was also measured by an original six-item scale consisting one item on "nervousness" from PANAS and items from other sources (i.e., so sad nothing could cheer you up, restless or fidgety, hopeless, that everything was an effort, worthless).…”

Section: Positive and Negative Affect/adjectivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used these four sub-scales as a measurement of affect to keep their independent construction. Positive affect and adjective in this questionnaire is well validated elsewhere [34].…”

Section: Positive and Negative Affect/adjectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Japanese version of the 42-item psychological well-being scale (PWBS-42): a validation study

et al. 2020

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Background: The aim of this study was to examine the internal consistency, structural validity, and convergent/ known-group validity of the Japanese version of the 42-item Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS-42). Methods: The PWBS-42 includes six 7-item subscales designed to measure the following dimensions of eudaimonic psychological well-being: 1) autonomy, 2) environmental mastery, 3) personal growth, 4) positive relations with others, 5) purpose in life, and 6) self-acceptance. A questionnaire was administered to 2102 community residents in Tokyo aged 30 or over as a part of the Midlife in Japan (MIDJA) survey, in 2008. The internal consistency reliability was tested using Cronbach's α. Structural validity was examined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Convergent validity was evaluated by calculating correlations of the Japanese PWBS-42 subscales with life satisfaction, negative affect, negative adjectives, positive affect, positive adjectives, self-esteem, and perceived stress scales. Results: Data from 1027 respondents (505 males and 522 females) were analyzed (valid response rate = 56.2%). Cronbach's α values ranged from 0.70 to 0.78 for five of the subscales, while that for purpose in life was lower (0.57). EFA yielded a five-factor structure: The first two factors consisted of negative and positive items mostly from the environmental mastery, purpose in life, and self-acceptance subscales. The third, fourth, and fifth factors consisted mostly of items from the positive relations with others, autonomy, and personal growth subscales, respectively. As hypothesized, the scores for life satisfaction, negative and positive affect/adjectives, self-esteem and perceived stress were significantly correlated with all subscales of the Japanese PWBS-42. Conclusion: The subscales of the Japanese version of the PWBS-42 showed accep. levels of reliability and support for convergent validity in the Japanese population. The factor structure was slightly different from the theoretical 6factor model: items of three subscales (environmental mastery, purpose in life, and self-acceptance) loaded together on two factors. This finding may be interpreted in light of the interdependent self construal found in Japan in which these three components could be closely linked.

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Feeling excited or taking a bath: Do distinct pathways underlie the positive affect–health link in the U.S. and Japan?

Cited by 14 publications

References 92 publications

Longitudinal Profiles of Psychological Well-Being and Health: Findings From Japan

Longitudinal Profiles of Psychological Well-Being and Health: Findings From Japan

Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Gratitude at Work Scale (GAWS)

Japanese version of the 42-item psychological well-being scale (PWBS-42): a validation study

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