“…Engaged doctoral students have been found to experience high levels of energy, to find their research work meaningful (Virtanen & Pyhältö, in press), and to remain more persistent when they encounter problems during their doctoral journeys than students who suffer from disengagement in their doctoral studies (Tuomainen, Pyhältö, & Lonka, 2012). Nutov and Hazzan (2011) have suggested that the doctoral process is an intensive, emotionally loaded, depleting, and inspiring process, during which the doctoral students experience a wide range of situations and emotions that may promote or decrease their engagement in their doctoral studies. The quality and quantity of student-faculty interaction, especially the supervisory relationship, has been shown to be one of the central regulators of doctoral student engagement (Knowles, 1999;Mainhard, van der Rijst, van Tartwijk, & Wubbels, 2009;Seagram, Gould, & Pyke, 1998).…”