2009
DOI: 10.1037/a0015701
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Feeling validated versus being correct: A meta-analysis of selective exposure to information.

Abstract: A meta-analysis assessed whether exposure to information is guided by defense or accuracy motives. The studies examined information preferences in relation to attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors in situations that provided choices between congenial information, which supported participants' pre-existing attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors, and uncongenial information, which challenged these tendencies. Analyses indicated a moderate preference for congenial over uncongenial information (d. = 0.36). As predicted, thi… Show more

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Cited by 993 publications
(910 citation statements)
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References 167 publications
(229 reference statements)
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“…First, the model assumes that the epistemic monitoring process is an involuntary and passive component of comprehension, that is, it operates independently from a specific goal or motivational state (such as the motivation to defend beliefs; Giner-Sorolila & Chaiken, 1997). Second, the nondeliberate preferential processing of beliefconsistent information takes place during comprehension rather than, for example, in the stage of selecting information, which has been the focus of selective exposure theory research (Hart et al, 2009). Third, the model focuses on text-belief consistency effects in comprehension and memory rather than belief-stabilizing and belief-strengthening effects.…”
Section: A Two-step Model Of Processing Conflicting Information In Mumentioning
confidence: 99%
“…First, the model assumes that the epistemic monitoring process is an involuntary and passive component of comprehension, that is, it operates independently from a specific goal or motivational state (such as the motivation to defend beliefs; Giner-Sorolila & Chaiken, 1997). Second, the nondeliberate preferential processing of beliefconsistent information takes place during comprehension rather than, for example, in the stage of selecting information, which has been the focus of selective exposure theory research (Hart et al, 2009). Third, the model focuses on text-belief consistency effects in comprehension and memory rather than belief-stabilizing and belief-strengthening effects.…”
Section: A Two-step Model Of Processing Conflicting Information In Mumentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Lowered percentage shift or 'nil' shifts to favourable responses in post-workshop surveys may evidence a cognitive bias toward rejecting new information presented. This could be because the participant preferred to hold onto established beliefs, experienced difficulty in responding to a 'not-yet-experienced' context, or perhaps were in need of additional time to process new information presented (Aronson et al 1995(Aronson et al -2010Cooper 2013;Hart et al 2009). …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A central tenet of the theory of cognitive dissonance (Festinger, 1957) is that people are motivated to maintain consistency of their cognitive structure. Because cognitive inconsistency is aversive (e.g., Jonas, Diehl, & Brömer, 1997;Maio, Bell, & Esses, 1996;Nordgren, van Harreveld, & van der Pligt, 2006) it is argued that people predominantly seek out and pay close attention to new information that confirms their existing attitudes and avoid information that might contradict their attitudes (see meta-analysis by Hart et al, 2009). This preference for supportive information over opposing information has traditionally been termed 'selective exposure' and as a 'confirmation bias' (Jonas, SchulzHardt, Frey, & Thelen, 2001).…”
Section: Information Processingmentioning
confidence: 99%