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This paper addresses a number of problems concerning Buekenhout-Tits unitals in $${{\,\textrm{PG}\,}}(2, q^2)$$ PG ( 2 , q 2 ) , where $$q = 2^{2e + 1}$$ q = 2 2 e + 1 and $$e \ge 1$$ e ≥ 1 . We show that all Buekenhout-Tits unitals are equivalent under $${{\,\textrm{PGL}\,}}(3, q^2)$$ PGL ( 3 , q 2 ) [addressing an open problem in Barwick and Ebert (Unitals in Projective Planes. Springer Monographs in Mathematics. Springer, New York, 2008)], explicitly describe their stabiliser in $$\textrm{P}\Gamma \textrm{L}(3, q^2)$$ P Γ L ( 3 , q 2 ) [expanding Ebert’s work in Ebert (J Algebraic Comb 6(2):133–140, 1997)], and show that lines meet the feet of points not on $$\ell _{\infty }$$ ℓ ∞ in at most four points. Finally, we show that feet of points not on $$\ell _{\infty }$$ ℓ ∞ are not always a $$\{0, 1, 2, 4\}$$ { 0 , 1 , 2 , 4 } -set, in contrast to what happens for Buekenhout-Metz unitals Abarzúa et al (Adv Geom 18(2):229–236, 2018).
This paper addresses a number of problems concerning Buekenhout-Tits unitals in $${{\,\textrm{PG}\,}}(2, q^2)$$ PG ( 2 , q 2 ) , where $$q = 2^{2e + 1}$$ q = 2 2 e + 1 and $$e \ge 1$$ e ≥ 1 . We show that all Buekenhout-Tits unitals are equivalent under $${{\,\textrm{PGL}\,}}(3, q^2)$$ PGL ( 3 , q 2 ) [addressing an open problem in Barwick and Ebert (Unitals in Projective Planes. Springer Monographs in Mathematics. Springer, New York, 2008)], explicitly describe their stabiliser in $$\textrm{P}\Gamma \textrm{L}(3, q^2)$$ P Γ L ( 3 , q 2 ) [expanding Ebert’s work in Ebert (J Algebraic Comb 6(2):133–140, 1997)], and show that lines meet the feet of points not on $$\ell _{\infty }$$ ℓ ∞ in at most four points. Finally, we show that feet of points not on $$\ell _{\infty }$$ ℓ ∞ are not always a $$\{0, 1, 2, 4\}$$ { 0 , 1 , 2 , 4 } -set, in contrast to what happens for Buekenhout-Metz unitals Abarzúa et al (Adv Geom 18(2):229–236, 2018).
In this article we look at the geometric structure of the feet of an orthogonal Buekenhout–Metz unital 𝓤 in PG(2, q 2). We show that the feet of each point form a set of type (0, 1, 2, 4). Further, we discuss the structure of any 4-secants, and determine exactly when the feet form an arc.
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