Felids

Gunkel, Conny; Lafortune, M

doi:10.1002/9780470376478.ch39

Cited by 28 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The size of endotracheal tube based on radiographic finding in the present study differed from earlier reports (Epstein et al, 2002;Vesal and Naeini, 2007;Gunkel and Lafortune, 2008;Steeil et al, 2012) who had used 16 to 24 mm inner diameter cuffed endotracheal tubes in African lions. In the present study medical grade silicon custom made endotracheal tubes of 30 mm ID could be easily intubated.…”

Section: Radiographic Morphology Of Larynx and Trachea And Selection contrasting

confidence: 55%

“…Limited published literature was available on intubation and maintenance of anaesthesia using inhalant agents in lions. Epstein et al (2002), Vesal and Naeini (2007), Gunkel and Lafortune (2008) and Steeil et al (2012) had used 16 to 24 millimetre inner diameter endotracheal tubes in African lions under direct visualization which were comparatively smaller in size when comparing the size of the trachea distal to larynx (above 4 centimetres) and was the narrow region in the trachea. Smaller size endotracheal tubes were easier to insert, but larger size tubes have less airway resistance and allow for better suctioning and less work of breathing.…”

Section: Intubationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The risks involved in chemical immobilization and anaesthesia in lions are loss of thermoregulation, rigidity, depressed respiration, shock, unpredictable recovery, delayed recovery and convulsions (Wack, 2003;Gunkel and Lafortune, 2008). Commonly used anaesthetic drugs; ketamine and tiletamine often induce convulsions in lions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immobilization and Anaesthesia in Asiatic Lions (Panthera leo persica)

Bharathidasan¹,

William²,

Jayaprakash³

et al. 2016

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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| A total of 12 trials were conducted in 8 Asiatic and hybrid lions (Panthera leo persica) for diagnostic and surgical procedures. All the lions were immobilized with a combination of xylazine and ketamine at the rate of 1.00 mg/kg and 2.00 mg/kg body weight, respectively, using darts based on assumed body weight. Ketamine and propofol intravenously were used as induction agents sufficiently to achieve deep plane of anaesthesia and good jaw muscle relaxation in six trials each of treatment I and II. The commercially available large animal endotracheal tubes and custom made silicon medical grade tubes were used for intubation either by direct visualization or by digital palpation of glottis. Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane. The study revealed that the young lions required 1.08±0.10 and 2.70±0.26 mg/kg and adult required 1.06±0.30 and 2.64±0.08 mg/kg body weight of xylazine and ketamine, respectively for immobilization. Ear flick reflex was taken as an indicator for safe and appropriate time for approaching the lion after immobilization, which was completely abolished only after 1.37 and 2.01 minutes after recumbency in young and adult lions, respectively. Based on the radiographic distance between snout and distal larynx endotracheal tubes of one meter length and 30 mm diameter were suitable for intubation and the larynx was located between 5 th and 6 th cervical vertebrae. The dose of ketamine and propofol required for induction was 1.00 mg/kg and 1.92 mg/kg body weight, respectively, in immobilized lions and intubation could be safely performed under propofol induction by oropharyngeal digital palpation of glottis for administration of inhalant anaesthetics. Both ketamine and propofol could be used as induction agents in lions immobilized with xylazine-ketamine and for further maintenance with isoflurane.

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Section: Radiographic Morphology Of Larynx and Trachea And Selection contrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Intubationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immobilization and Anaesthesia in Asiatic Lions (Panthera leo persica)

Bharathidasan¹,

William²,

Jayaprakash³

et al. 2016

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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“…This is similar to other studies in lions using α 2 -adrenoceptor agonists. Bradyarrhythmias were noted in several lions and have also been observed in cheetah immobilised with BMM (Gunkel & Lafortune 2007 (Bush et al 1978;Fahlman et al 2005). Lactate values were within normal limits for domestic cats and probably did not contribute to the metabolic acidosis (King 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Evaluation of butorphanol, medetomidine and midazolam as a reversible narcotic combination in free-ranging African lions (Panthera leo)

Wenger

Buss

Joubert

et al. 2010

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

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“…The results of the literature review also showed that all primates who sustained dart-induced injuries were < 10 kg. Non-primate mammals < 20 kg are considered to be at greater risk of dart-induced injury than larger mammals (Gunkel and Lafortune 2007;Hahn et al 2007;McKenzie and Burroughs 1993). The relatively small target areas of many primate species can be difficult to hit (Ølberg 2007).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Darting Primates in the Field: A Review of Reporting Trends and a Survey of Practices and Their Effect on the Primates Involved

Cunningham

Unwin²,

Setchell

2015

Int J Primatol

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. (2015) 'Darting primates in the eld : a review of reporting trends and a survey of practices and their eect on the primates involved.', International journal of primatology., 36 (5). pp. 894-915. Further information on publisher's website:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-015-9862-0Publisher's copyright statement:The nal publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-015-9862-0Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. AbstractCapture is one of the top ethical concerns of field primatologists, and darting is a common method of capturing primates. Little is published, however, about the safety of darting practices and conditions for the animals concerns. We conducted a literature review to examine trends in the reporting of darting methods and results, and two anonymous surveys of primatologists to gather information on darting methods and their effect on the primates involved. Among 111 papers reporting studies that darted primates, only 18 included full details of procedures, the total numbers of primates darted and the number, if any, of injuries and complications. In the surveys, 73 respondents reported on 2,092 dartings, including 44 injuries. The results show that smaller primates are more likely to be injured. 91% of seriously and fatally injured primates were arboreal, although arboreal species accounted for only 54% of the dartings. All primates who were fatally injured due to a dart hitting the abdomen or head were darted with a rifle, which were used for 45% of dartings. The presence of a veterinarian appears to reduce primate mortality in the event of injury or complications. Severe social effects of darting are not common, but include forced copulations, partner changes, and fatal attacks on infants. Lack of information about primate darting hinders refinement in methods that could improve safety. We hope this study will lead to greater sharing of information and the formation of a committee of experts in capture and immobilization to evaluate and regularly update protocols.

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Felids

Cited by 28 publications

References 41 publications

Immobilization and Anaesthesia in Asiatic Lions (Panthera leo persica)

Immobilization and Anaesthesia in Asiatic Lions (Panthera leo persica)

Evaluation of butorphanol, medetomidine and midazolam as a reversible narcotic combination in free-ranging African lions (Panthera leo)

Darting Primates in the Field: A Review of Reporting Trends and a Survey of Practices and Their Effect on the Primates Involved

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