Feline calicivirus: a neglected cause of feline ocular surface infections?

Gerriets, Wiebke; Joy, Nisha; Huebner-Guthardt, Janine; Eule, Johanna Corinna

doi:10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00957.x

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…In contrast to cats in short-term shelters, foster programs, or trap-neuterreturn programs, cats housed long-term in sanctuaries are more likely to be infected with FCV than FHV, similar to the findings of cats from the cases in this report (McManus et al, 2014). The high prevalence of FCV among cats with URI is concerning because of considerable strain variability in its pathogenicity, transmissibility, and environmental stability and its association with a wide array of clinical signs including fever, conjunctivitis, oral ulceration, limping, ocular and nasal discharge, and gingivostomatitis (Reubel et al, 1992;Dawson et al, 1994;Pedersen et al, 2000;Radford et al, 2007;Gerriets et al, 2012). The reason for the shift from high prevalence of FHV in cats in short-term shelter housing to high prevalence of FCV in cats in long-term group-housed confinement is unknown (Reubel et al, 1992;Lommer and Verstraete, 2003;Dowers et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Infectious diseases in large-scale cat hoarding investigations

Polak

Levy

Crawford

et al. 2014

The Veterinary Journal

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Animal hoarders accumulate animals in over-crowded conditions without adequate nutrition, sanitation, and veterinary care. As a result, animals rescued from hoarding frequently have a variety of medical conditions including respiratory infections, gastrointestinal disease, parasitism, malnutrition, and other evidence of neglect. The purpose of this study was to characterize the infectious diseases carried by clinically affected cats and to determine the prevalence of retroviral infections among cats in large-scale cat hoarding investigations. Records were reviewed retrospectively from four large-scale seizures of cats from failed sanctuaries from November 2009 through March 2012. The number of cats seized in each case ranged from 387 to 697. Cats were screened for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) in all four cases and for dermatophytosis in one case. A subset of cats exhibiting signs of upper respiratory disease or diarrhea had been tested for infections by PCR and fecal flotation for treatment planning. Mycoplasma felis (78%), calicivirus (78%), and Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (55%) were the most common respiratory infections. Feline enteric coronavirus (88%), Giardia (56%), Clostridium perfringens (49%), and Tritrichomonas foetus (39%) were most common in cats with diarrhea. The seroprevalence of FeLV and FIV were 8% and 8%, respectively. In the one case in which cats with lesions suspicious for dermatophytosis were cultured for Microsporum canis, 69/76 lesional cats were culture-positive; of these, half were believed to be truly infected and half were believed to be fomite carriers. Cats from large-scale hoarding cases had high risk for enteric and respiratory infections, retroviruses, and dermatophytosis. Case responders should be prepared for mass treatment of infectious diseases and should implement protocols to prevent transmission of feline or zoonotic infections during the emergency response and when transferring the rescued cats to other shelters or to adopters.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Infectious diseases in large-scale cat hoarding investigations

Polak

Levy

Crawford

et al. 2014

The Veterinary Journal

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“…In relation to FCV, it has traditionally been considered as a minor primary conjunctival pathogen (MOCHIZUKI et al, 2000;GERRIETS et al, 2012;BERGER et al, 2015). In the present study it was observed in the same proportion as FHV-1, both in G1 and G2, in different scores, and it is possible that its role has been neglected.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Correlation between clinical signs of feline conjunctivitis and molecular detection of felid herpesvirus-1, feline calicivirus, chlamydophila felis and mycoplasma felis in cats from shelters in Rio de Janeiro

Baumworcel

Soares

Silva

et al. 2017

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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Correlation between clinical signs of feline conjunctivitis and molecular detection of felid herpesvirus-1, feline calicivirus, chlamydophila felis and mycoplasma felis in cats from shelters in Rio de JaneiroCorrelação entre sinais clínicos da conjuntivite felina e a detecção molecular de felid herpesvirus-1, feline calicivirus, chlamydophila felis e mycoplasma felis em gatos de abrigos no Rio de Janeiro

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“…In some outbreaks of virulent systemic FCV, large percentages of cats have died (Hurley et al, 2004;Coyne et al, 2006;Reynolds et al, 2009) Feline calicivirus has been cited as causing only mild conjunctivitis (Ramsey, 2000). However, a recent study of 99 cats with URTD, as well as ocular surface disease, found that ocular samples analyzed using PCR were positive for FCV alone in 11 (11.1%) cats; in 19 (19.2%) cats, FCV was present with other infectious agents, including FHV-1 (Gerriets et al, 2012). Moderate to severe conjunctivitis with conjunctival epithelial erosions, as well as oral mucosal ulceration, were noted in FCV-positive cats.…”

Section: Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Ocular manifestations of feline viral diseases

Stiles

2014

The Veterinary Journal

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Feline viral diseases are common and cats can be presented with a variety of clinical manifestations. Ocular disease associated with viral pathogens is not unusual, particularly with viruses causing upper respiratory tract disease in cats, such as feline herpesvirus type 1 and feline calicivirus. These agents mainly cause ocular surface disease. Other viruses, such as feline immunodeficiency virus and feline coronavirus, can cause uveitis, while feline leukemia virus can induce ocular lymphosarcoma. This review covers the most common viral pathogens of cats that cause ocular manifestations, the specific features of the ocular diseases caused by these viruses and therapeutic recommendations.

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Feline calicivirus: a neglected cause of feline ocular surface infections?

Abstract: Results indicate that FCV is highly prevalent in cats with URTD either as a sole infectious agent or in combination with other pathogens and therefore is a potential cause for ocular surface lesions during the URTD.

Cited by 22 publications

References 53 publications

Infectious diseases in large-scale cat hoarding investigations

Infectious diseases in large-scale cat hoarding investigations

Correlation between clinical signs of feline conjunctivitis and molecular detection of felid herpesvirus-1, feline calicivirus, chlamydophila felis and mycoplasma felis in cats from shelters in Rio de Janeiro

Ocular manifestations of feline viral diseases

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