Feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus: frequency and associated factors in cats in northeastern Brazil

Lacerda, Luciana Carvalho; Silva, A N; Freitas, J S; Cruz, Rebeca Dálety Santos; Said, Roueda Abou; Munhoz, Alexandre Dias

doi:10.4238/gmr16029633

Cited by 40 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…PCR in the Minas Gerais region revealed an infection rate of 47% in both healthy and infected animals [29]. In the city of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso state, western Brazil, the prevalence rate of infection was 4.5% (95% CI: 1.1-9.1) [30], and in the cities of Ilhéus and Itabuna, in the micro-region of Bahia at the northeast region of Brazil, the reported prevalence rate was 3% (95% CI: 1.1-6.4%) [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Prevalence and Genomic Diversity of Feline Leukemia Virus in Privately Owned and Shelter Cats in Aburrá Valley, Colombia

Ortega

Valencia

Duque-Valencia

et al. 2020

Viruses

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The feline leukemia virus (FeLV) belongs to the family Retroviridae; it is the first feline retrovirus discovered and one of the agents that has a great impact on cats’ health and the ecology of the feline population worldwide. It is associated with the occurrence of several syndromes of fatal diseases, including the development of lymphomas. Studies on FeLV have been reported in Colombia, and most of them have been approached from a clinical point of view. However, only a few studies have focused on the prevalence of the infection, while none have clarified which variant or FeLV viral subgroup is presently circulating in our country. Therefore, the present study investigated the prevalence of the infection associated with the molecular characterization of FeLV present in cats in Aburrá Valley, Colombia. The sampling of privately owned and shelter cats was performed in female (n = 54) and male (n = 46) felines; most of them were seemingly healthy according to the owner’s report, with nonspecific clinical history. Immunoassay confirmed that 59.44% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 49.81–69.06%) of felines were FeLV seropositive. The molecular testing of felines using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and sequencing showed that 30% (30/100) of felines were positive, and the most prevalent subgroup in the Aburrá Valley was FeLV-A. In conclusion, the frequency of leukemia virus, as revealed by molecular and serological tests, is one of the highest reported frequencies to date, and a high molecular variation is shown in the Colombian population. More studies on the behaviour of the virus in feline populations in Columbia are warranted to determine its prevalence throughout the country.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Prevalence and Genomic Diversity of Feline Leukemia Virus in Privately Owned and Shelter Cats in Aburrá Valley, Colombia

Ortega

Valencia

Duque-Valencia

et al. 2020

Viruses

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“…FIV prevalence in Brazil appears to be lower than that of FeLV, with studies showing values of 3.33% (15/450) by PCR (Caxito et al 2006), 4.14% (6/145) by PCR (Teixeira et al 2007), 5.5% (5/90) by ELISA (Marcondes et al 2018), 5.63% (17/302) by ELISA (Sobrinho et al 2011), 5.84% (16/247) by ELISA (Biezus et al 2019), 6.1% (14/230) by immunochromatography (Lacerda et al 2017), 6.1% (9/148) by ELISA and PCR (Teixeira et al 2019) and 14.7% (67/454) by PCR (Lara et al 2008) [EB1]. In a study conducted in southern Brazil with 40 cats showing clinical signs of FIV infection, 15 (37.5%) had the infection confirmed by PCR (Caldas et al 2000) [EB1].…”

Section: Feline Retrovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of FeLV infection reported in Brazil varies according to the region studied, with values of 0.33% (1/302) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Sobrinho et al 2011), 1.1% (1/90) by ELISA (Marcondes et al 2018), 2.6% (6/230) by immunochromatography (Lacerda et al 2017), 11.52% (126/1094) by immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) (Almeida et al 2012), 22.26% (55/247) by ELISA (Biezus et al 2019), 32.5% (13/40) by ELISA (Teixeira et al 2007), 38.3% (46/120) by IFAT (Meinerz et al 2010) and 47.5% (507/1072) by PCR (Coelho et al 2011) [EB1]. Leukaemia was associated with FeLV infection in 78.4% (29/37) of the cases in a study conducted in Brazil (Cristo et al 2019a,b) [EB1].…”

Section: Feline Retrovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brazil) FeLV has been reported to be highly prevalent in some regions (i.e. the southeast and deep south of the country) and much less prevalent in others, such as the north (Almeida et al 2012, Lacerda et al 2017, Biezus et al 2019, Cristo et al 2019a [EB1]. Overall, FeLV prevalence in Brazil seems to be considerably higher than in many other countries where its prevalence has been studied (Galdo Novo et al 2016) [EB1].…”

Section: Feline Vaccination: Aspirational Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recommendations on vaccination for Latin American small animal practitioners: a report of the WSAVA Vaccination Guidelines Group

Day

Crawford

Marcondes

et al. 2020

J of Small Animal Practice

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Executive Summary The World Small Animal Veterinary Association Vaccination Guidelines Group has produced global guidelines for small companion animal practitioners on best practice in canine and feline vaccination. Recognising that there are unique aspects of veterinary practice in certain geographical regions of the world, the Vaccination Guidelines Group undertook a regional project in Latin America between 2016 and 2019, culminating in the present document. The Vaccination Guidelines Group gathered scientific and demographic data during visits to Argentina, Brazil and Mexico, by discussion with national key opinion leaders, visiting veterinary practices and review of the scientific literature. A questionnaire survey was completed by 1390 veterinarians in five Latin American countries and the Vaccination Guidelines Group delivered continuing education at seven events attended by over 3500 veterinarians. The Vaccination Guidelines Group recognised numerous challenges in Latin America, for example: (1) lack of national oversight of the veterinary profession, (2) extraordinary growth in private veterinary schools of undetermined quality, (3) socioeconomic constraints on client engagement with preventive health care, (4) high regional prevalence of some key infectious diseases (e.g. feline leukaemia virus infection, canine visceral leishmaniosis), (5) almost complete lack of minimal antigen vaccine products as available in other markets, (6) relative lack of vaccine products with extended duration of immunity as available in other markets, (7) availability of vaccine products withdrawn from other markets (e.g. Giardia vaccine) or unique to Latin America (e.g. some Leishmania vaccines), (8) accessibility of vaccines directly by pet owners or breeders such that vaccination is not delivered under veterinary supervision, (9) limited availability of continuing education in veterinary vaccinology and lack of compulsion for continuing professional development and (10) limited peer‐reviewed published scientific data on small companion animal infectious diseases (with the exception of leishmaniosis) and lack of support for such academic research. In this document, the Vaccination Guidelines Group summarises the findings of this project and assesses in evidence‐based fashion the scientific literature pertaining to companion animal vaccine‐preventable diseases in Latin America. The Vaccination Guidelines Group makes some recommendations on undergraduate and postgraduate education and academic research. Recognising that current product availability in Latin America does not permit veterinarians in these countries to vaccinate according to the global World Small Animal Veterinary Association guidelines, the Vaccination Guidelines Group makes a series of “pragmatic” recommendations as to what might be currently achievable, and a series of “aspirational” recommendations as to what might be desirable for the future. The concept of “vaccine husbandry” is addressed via some simple guidelines for the management of vaccine products i...

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“…El VIF y el ViLeF son de fácil inactivación y no persisten en el ambiente, debido a las propiedades de su envoltura formada por glicoproteínas (Perharić et al, 2018). La distribución de estos retrovirus es mundial, pero la prevalencia es muy variable, se han estimado para el ViLeF valores del 2.3 al 30.4 %, y para el VIF del 2.5 % al 31.3 % (Lacerda et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos y de diagnóstico del ViLeF y VIF: una revisión actualizada

et al. 2019

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Los virus de la leucemia felina (ViLeF) e inmunodeficiencia felina (VIF) están clasificados dentro de la familia Retroviridae y son patógenos que afectan a los gatos domésticos. Estos retrovirus felinos tienen alta capacidad de mutación y recombinación, lo cual favorece una amplia población de subtipos virales con capacidades patogénicas diferentes. Tienen gran relevancia en la salud felina, no solo por la severidad de las manifestaciones clínicas en los pacientes, sino también por la complejidad diagnóstica que pueden representar. El rango de prevalencias es amplio entre distintos estudios y zonas geográficas, probablemente por influencia de los factores de riesgo, las condiciones clínicas de los gatos y las pruebas diagnósticas utilizadas. Las manifestaciones clínicas de la patogenia del ViLeF son variables, dependiendo del subtipo viral y del inmunocompromiso del hospedero, ya que pueden existir linfomas, leucemias, aplasia eritrocitaria, mielosupresión e inmunodeficiencia. Por otro lado, el VIF tiene un marcado tropismo hacia los linfocitos TCD4+, lo cual desencadena una inmunodeficiencia característica, pero también se ha descrito un frecuente neurotropismo. Para ambos virus, el diagnóstico de rutina es de tipo serológico, sin embargo, en algunas situaciones no es posible identificar correctamente a los gatos infectados. En estudios recientes se ha incluido el diagnóstico de estos virus por medio de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR), lo que abre una posibilidad a la disminución de errores diagnósticos para el ViLeF, pero aún se discute su efectividad para la detección del VIF. El objetivo del presente artículo es proporcionar información actualizada y precisa sobre los aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos y de diagnóstico del ViLeF y VIF en gatos domésticos

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Feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus: frequency and associated factors in cats in northeastern Brazil

Cited by 40 publications

References 24 publications

Prevalence and Genomic Diversity of Feline Leukemia Virus in Privately Owned and Shelter Cats in Aburrá Valley, Colombia

Prevalence and Genomic Diversity of Feline Leukemia Virus in Privately Owned and Shelter Cats in Aburrá Valley, Colombia

Recommendations on vaccination for Latin American small animal practitioners: a report of the WSAVA Vaccination Guidelines Group

Aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos y de diagnóstico del ViLeF y VIF: una revisión actualizada

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